Rehabilitation Psychology: The Four Major Models Of Disabilities

Mental health issues ranging from the doubts and uncertainties have become a part of daily routine, towards serious long term situation which can be very complex for managing and having a diversifying impact on the overall live of the people. The usual child health leads to contribute towards overall development (Watson & Le Couteur, 2011). Therefore it is important to take special care of people with complex disability as they turn out to be sensitive enough about the situation and environment they are living in.

n Nancy Mairs essay, “Disability”, she illustrates the lack of representation of people with disabilities in the media. While disability plays a major role in Mairs’ life, she points out the various ways her everyday life is ordinary and even mundane. Despite the normalcy of the lives of citizens with disabilities Mairs argues the media’s effacement of this population, is fear driven. She claims, “To depict disabled people in the ordinary activities of daily life is to admit that there is something ordinary about the disability itself, that it may enter anybody’s life” (Mairs 14). Able bodied people worry about the prospect of eventually becoming physically impaired. The reason why it is a rarity to see disabled people in advertisements is

World Health Organization (WHO) has defined disability as an umbrella term for impairments. Disability is an individual with a health condition such as Down syndrome cerebral palsy and depression, body functioning or structure on activity limitation. WHO, (2016) supported that people with learning difficulties they deserve privacy and dignity like everyone

H a r r i s o n B e r g e r o n :​T o n e

By 2011, more than 1 billion people around the world were living with a kind of disability wrapping 15% of the world’s population (WHO, 2011). For so long disability was identified under the “individual model”; as a consequence of an impairment “lack or defectiveness in any part of the body”, that leaves the one suffering from it with long term functional limitations. Recently this conceptual understanding has been questioned shedding the light on the social barriers and norms that label impaired people as disabled and restricts them from their social rights and activities. In fact, the society’s organization is increasing the occurrence of abuse at higher incidence for disabled people compared to the rest of the population and by that are considered as “vulnerable”. The following article written by Hollomotz (2012) “Disability, Oppression and Violence: Towards a Sociological Explanation” will be discussed and analysed throughout this paper to understand better the different social forces that face people with learning difficulties and leave them disabled.

We live in an era that has been heavily influenced by the far reaching effects of the civil rights movement, second wave feminism, the humanistic framework, and a contemporary focus on the social inclusion of disadvantaged populations.

Societies have a strong tendency to group individuals into different “categories” based on their personal characteristics, thus determining several important aspects of their lives. When regarding the disabled people of nineteenth century Europe, this was absolutely true. Living as a disabled person in nineteenth century Europe brought on many difficult roadblocks, but also occasionally produced unique benefits. As a result of the different degrees and types of disabilities a person may have, those with them were each subject to distinctive factors, such as life in asylums or workhouses. Furthermore, as time progressed, they saw a change in the ways in which they were perceived and treated with the numerous

Interactions between social class, dis/ability and their relationship with space and place offer interesting arguments towards the extent of which they exert control over our identities. Many argue identities are socially constructed in alignment with perceived similarities and differences, be it on an intimate scale such as biological, for example disability, or a larger scale such as part of a nation state (Cloke, Crang, Goodwin 2014). Defining identity is deeply personal- there are many markers however social class remains a key factor as the geographical place of birth, people and attitudes we are surrounded by moulds, and to some extent controls our personalities and how we identify in the social hierarchy of society. In addition, dis/ability

In our society, there are people and especially young teenagers that are in barriers of employment and live a life with disabilities. Rehabilitation Vocational Counselors help individuals learn how assist individuals with disabilities to gain or regain their independence through employment or in some form to help them to interaction in the society world. The ultimate goals are in preventing potential disability; returning workers with disabilities to gainful employment, introducing individuals with disabilities into the labor force, and keeping workers with illness and disabilities employed. (Gloria K. Lee)

Psychosocial Rehabilitation are intended to help clients to function as actively and independently in society as possible. This service will assists clients to strengthen and develop the necessary individual skills to improve their personal and social lives. This service will help the clients to assume responsibility over their lives and behaviors, and improve their general

The two primary models of disability are the medical model and social model. Under the

The reason for this is because the cause can be very difficult to determine. For socially constructed disabilities, it is important to determine if the cause is actually a disability or if the child is does not fit into the expected norms of society. In other words, is this a true disability or is it considered a disability due to social norms and standards. Furthermore, do these social constructs cause the exclusion of students from general education classroom or other situation that students would normally be allowed to participate? If a student’s behavior is far away from what his expected, they may be seen as unable to participate in the normal everyday life of a student. The more closely aligned the behavior is to societal norms, the more likely they are to be included in activities. This model is basically saying that societies’ standards may be creating the problem or defining the

Disabilities- can be a factor to be abused, that can lead to social exclusion. Service users like Mrs. P who suffers from dementia can be exploited due to her illness. Some people with disabilities cannot be employed and also older people are not employed.

The leading causes of disability in the region, such as depression and low back pain, were largely consistent with the leading causes at the global level; however, communicable diseases like HIV/AIDS and malaria accounted for a larger proportion of disability in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Disability is defined by World Health Organisation as “an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. Impairment is a problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations”. Disability remains a major challenge throughout the world with disabled people facing hostile socioeconomic outcomes than people without disabilities, such as less education, worse health outcomes, less employment, and higher poverty rates (1).