IS THERE ANY PLACE FOR MORALITY IN LAW?
I. INTRODUCTION
The relationship between law and morality has been discussed and debated widely throughout the history of jurisprudence, and yet we still don’t have an absolute conclusion. There are some scholars like Austin, who are of the view that law should be absolutely independent of morality while other scholars like Immanuel Kant consider morality and law to be same. The problem is an intensely practical one.
Morality can be described as a set of values and principles that are derived from religions, history, philosophy, culture and standards that are universally applicable . Law on the other hand is a tool for a state to establish and uphold these values and principles. This essay talks about the relationship between the law and morality by referring to various theories.
II. WHAT IS MORAL AND WHAT IS THE LAW?
Moral codes and moral values are of dynamic nature, i.e., with time these values change, such that they reflect the changes in attitude in society. This dynamic nature of moral codes has been a problem for law. So it makes it difficult for law, which has to stay abreast with the changing values. For example, the case of R v R, the jury decided to change the law and overlooked the matrimonial exception to rape, by holding that marital rape is a crime. Marital rape before this case wasn’t considered a crime owing to the view that a wife becomes the property of husband as per the marriage agreement. But this mentality
Law Codes give us an idea of a people’s sense of justice and notions of proper punishment. The laws were set up in different topics which include, property, theft, economics, contracts, family, marriage, assault, personal injury, responsibility,
In the Current Development of the Law and Morality, we can see that not all people are convinced that the law should use to enforce a particular moral code. One of the examples are in the case of Roe v. Wade decision that legalized abortion in the United States. Even though we all know that act of abortion is most definitely immoral in the eyes of humanity many other countries also adopted the view of the judges from Roe v Wade. Also in the recent case of The United State Supreme Court ruled 5-4 on that it is legal for all Americans, no matter their gender or sexual orientation, to marry the people they love.
The law should hold itself to it’s own standards in order to be
In strain theory, laws are equivalent to the accepted means that people can use to achieve their goals, which are described as a product of tradition and consensus. According to Frederick von Savigny, laws are “generalized statements of the tendencies actually operating, of the presuppositions on which a particular civilization is based” (Hagan 5). In this view, laws are almost indistinguishable from the commonly held morality found in a society. This theory on the nature of laws appears to match Merton’s understanding of how goals and methods of obtaining these goals are formed. An apposing theory on the creation of laws views them as a “product of conflict” (Hagan 5).
In his book, “The Law”, Frederic Bastiat aims to counter the trend in legislation which he identified in France during his life. A legislator himself, Bastiat worried that the scope of the law had expanded far past what was just and thus performed the very acts of greed and plunder which it should aim to prevent. Bastiat based his argument on the idea that the essence of man is found in his personality, liberty, and property. The role of law is to protect these faculties of man, and anything beyond is abuse of power and legal plunder. Bastiat views these elements which comprise man as innate.
The Torah’s moral responsibility is reflected in today’s world. In our modern American society, the same inferences that historians deduced can be determined with documents such as the U.S Constitution. For example the Bill of Rights, displays a drastically improved tolerance for people of diverse ethnicities, genders, religions, etc. This assists in explaining how our community is much more in accordance to morals as well as considering of the well-being of every citizen. In closing, laws are an important key to recognizing a society’s ways as displayed with Hammurabi’s code and the Hebrew
Furthermore, from two scholarly perspectives, authors Richard Rothstein and Kitty Calavita, we can deepen our engagement with this relationship in their books, The Color of Law and Invitation to Law and Society, An Introduction
Moral values are relating to the principles of right conduct or what a person sees as right and wrong. So it is basically what people think is right and wrong. This strongly influences the decisions that they take, considering that a person will do something if it seems wrong. Nonetheless, people still do things that they know are wrong, but most decisions a human being makes are
Is out of harmony with the moral law.” (356). This illustrates for the clergymen where each type of law stands in a moral position. Each type of law affects a person’s personality in a negative or positive way. The just laws are typically laws voted for by the people, s
Dworkin and Judicial Discretion, Philosophy of law, last accessed from http://www.yellowpigs.net/philosophy/dworkin on 02 April 2016 4. Dworkin, Ronald, (1977), Taking Rights Seriously, London,
The law is an intriguing concept, evolving from society’s originalities and moral perspectives. By participating in the legal system, we may endeavour to formulate a link between our own unique beliefs and the world in which we live. Evidently, a just sense of legality is a potent prerequisite for change, enabling society to continue its quest for universal equality and justice. Aristotle once stated that "even when laws have been written down, they ought not to remain unaltered".
Natural law theory states that there are laws that are immanent in nature and the man made laws should correspond as closely as possible. Man can’t produce natural laws but he can find and discover through his reasoning. If a law is contrary to a natural law then it is not a law. Laws should be related to morality. It is a concept of a body of moral principal that is same for all the man
Morals are defined as the standards of behavior; principles of right and
DEFINITION OF LAW: Law is outlined as the principles and regulations set by the governing authority, and have binding legal forces. It must be endorsed and obeyed by the citizens, subject to penalties or legal consequences. It depicts the will of the supreme power of the state. The basic purpose of law is to regulate the society, to safeguard and shield the rights of people and to resolve conflicts. It acts as barrier is preventing people from behaving in a negative manner that affects the rights and quality of life other people, hence violation of law implies the punishment of lawbreakers Dysfunction of Law: Dysfunction of law means failed to abide by the law.
Law is present in our daily life and in everything we do. We cannot think a second without law. Whatever we can see around us everything is connected with the law. Sometimes we can see it and sometimes we cannot see but feel it. Law is not just a thing to obey for yourself but making a peaceful society.