Replication And Reproducibility

With each new discovery, our prior knowledge is either being further proved or disputed. Robust knowledge refers to knowledge claims that have withstood these constant challenges and have not been disproven, despite any attempts to disprove it. However, the claim that “robust knowledge requires both consensus and disagreement” is justifiably false to me, in certain areas of knowledge. I believe that this claim is entirely false in the mathematics area of knowledge but can be true in the natural sciences area of knowledge. The reason for my belief is that the claim explicitly states that “Robust knowledge requires both consensus and disagreement”.

This can require an extra hand to help in the

Many Humanists acknowledge that science can help people to deal with some of the great questions of life and overcome problems. [5] However, Humanists acknowledge that science can get it wrong and be harmful to society. When considering whether cloning and genetic engineering are good for humanity, many Humanists therefore believe that the pros and cons of each should be thoroughly and openly debated first. Humanists argue that the more informed we are about the issues of cloning and genetic engineering, the more able we will be to make decisions regarding them that are good for society as a whole.

What I found appealing about coherence theory is the fact that it explains how scientists can make claims about the very large and small objects using a system of claims already accepted to be true. With this, scientists could save a lot and even move to perfection with necessary going through much protocol. What I found discouraging is the fact that this accept proposition as true simply because it agree with other true propositions. I think digging more to better understand the facts before agreeing will helps in strengthening the

It allows for new ideas to be built upon old ones and for connections to be drawn between ideas. For the advancement of science to continue scientists need to be able to evaluate data and arguments and form individual ideas in order to strengthen those arguments or find flaws in them. The idea is for the world of science to be able to collaborate their problem-solving skills for the advancement of science and life. Without essential critical thinking skills, advancements will decline and past developments will be forgotten if we as a society are not

Meghan DeVerse Mr.Corso 12-13-17 Due 12-18-17 Science vs Religion Science and religion have been going against each other for years. Scientists believe religion can help science and others disagree. Many atheist scientists believe religion hinders scientific research, but some professors believe that it is vital to scientific research. scientists think that religion can answer the questions science can't explain without it hindering or changing science itself.

Does science prove things? Science cannot always prove things due to our own limitations on what questions we know to ask, how to ask them, how to test them, and in our abilities to observe and understand the world and its phenomena wholly. Instead, science more often disproves things; we disprove null hypotheses to prove research hypotheses and disprove outdated ideas and theories with the results of novel and replicated experiments. 9.

Opponents of animal experimentation point out that useful alternatives exist. Numerous viable alternatives exist; therefore, people should examine and improve it to replace animals (Miller 1). Scientists and physicians did not consider about this problem seriously because thinking about alternatives is more difficult than using animal routinely (Garner 71). Therefore, people should seek the alternatives for not using animal. On the other hand, proponents of animal experimentation claim that there are no useful alternatives.

His theory also accepts that truth is not attainable and theories are rejected when they can be falsified. Falsification was also used as the distinguisher between science and non-science, something which

Even if it might provide us incorrect data or if there was a problem in the process of application, this can later be opted out and people will know what is not right and hence could search for alternative methods. Moreover, the field of Natural sciences has been based on paradigm shifts. Our knowledge of what was previously regarded as the absolute truth has been turned out to be false several times and has been replaced by relatively “more perfect” knowledge. Therefore, even if the results obtained through application could lead to results that is not in accordance with people’s expectation, this, in the long term, can possibly lead to progression of knowledge that is much closer to the absolute truth and hence the extrinsic value of knowledge will increase through

However, if the government were to regulate scientific advancements, the scientific world would not see much development, nor would everyday life be as efficient. In addition, science would be restricted to basic knowledge if it were not for advancements. A totalitarian government should not regulate scientific advancements because there are many negative effects that follow, such as the loss of true happiness and knowledge of the world, as told by Huxley. Government regulation of science negatively impacts knowledge of nature and its surroundings. Before the Scientific Revolution, people blindly followed the beliefs of the Church and never questioned whether or not these beliefs were true.

Also, the uneducated public believes most results that are published; if a scientist hastily publishes results without full justifications people could actually believe or misinterpret the wrong idea/results. Furthermore, if a scientist assume that he/she has the accurate results and shares it with others without justifying their ideas and results; he/she could be attacked by others (for example, Watson and Crick case with Rosalind in the movie). Therefore I believe that scientists have the right to keep their results confidential until they fully explain and justify their reasoning, but no way under any circumstance should fully completed justified research be kept confidential because the

One thing that Warren and Marshall might have done differently to have their theory accepted quickly is better communication. When Warren and Marhall presented their theory, scientist wanted good evidence and explanations, however, the researchers didn 't provided them. The researchers didn 't know how to explain their theory which lead to nobody believing them. Scientists didn’t want to accept a theory with dreadful explanations. If Warren and Marshall had better communication skills, their theory would’ve been accepted

Among multiple issues including giving misleading information, the most dominate is the lack of consent Milgram received from his subjects to participate in such a test (102). While I do see that this is immoral, there is no way that Milgram could have completed his experiments effectively if he had done it morally. The first issue is if he explains what is actually going to happen during the experiments, that would obviously hurt the integrity of his results. Also, going back to how the experiments help us, if those who participated knew what was going to happen, it wouldn’t have affected them as severely. It was the shock that the experiment gave that brought their life choices into question.

Deception from a moral viewpoint would be something that is seen as wrong, but in a study or experiment for research I think deception is something that is necessary to gain certain knowledge that we wouldn 't be able to gain using regular methods. Usually, the ends justify the means to a deceptive experiments and they usually have good intentions behind them. Many people may be angry after the experiment is over but it is shown that people enjoy an experiment with deception more than an experiment without deception; and people also benefit from them more, educationally. I believe deception is a necessary tool for learning about human behavior and human reaction. Deceptive experiments are experiments that really make you think when the experiment