When discussing hazard analysis and risk management, some people believe that the underlying vulnerabilities should be assessed as opposed to the specific hazards that a community may encounter. In Social Inequality, Hazards, and Disasters, Kathleen Tierney describes the people that are most vulnerable during a disaster and the ways in which vulnerability can be assessed in at-risk populations. Tierney addresses many instances in which social vulnerability is connected to disaster, especially for specific at-risk groups. According to Tierney, "socially produced risk or vulnerability is the risks and hazards produced by economic activity that has adverse impacts or similarly, cultural processes that contribute to how particular risks are defined, …show more content…
According to Tierney, "the concept of resilience refers to the capacity to endure disaster impacts, and also to cope with those impacts and recover as rapidly as possible with the two components of resilience being inherent resilience and adaptive resilience" (Tierney, 2006). Vulnerability relates to resilience because the more vulnerable groups of societies would not be able to recover as quickly from a disaster as the groups that are not as vulnerable. Inherent resilience is "the ability to withstand disasters without suffering extensive loss and disruption of everyday life activities" (Tierney, 2006). Tierney defines adaptive resilience as the "ability to adapt, improvise, and access resources following disasters" (Tierney, 2006). Inherent resilience is the capability to afford the luxury of living in communities that are not as susceptible to disasters because the people with inherent resilience have the resources to afford safer homes that have a better chance of enduring disasters or the funds to have savings accounts in the event of an emergency. Adaptive resilience is the capability for those that have been impacted by a disaster to pursue financial assistance or other assistance after a disaster. For instance, the white upper-class communities would be able to recover quickly from a disaster because they have the resources, such as savings accounts, knowledge and access to financial assistance, and homeowner's/renter's insurance to help with recovery; however, minority groups and poverty stricken communities would not be able to recover as quickly as the upper-class communities because they do not have access to savings, they are not knowledgeable in obtaining financial assistance or lack access to financial assistance, and most of those in the lower-class communities do not have adequate insurance coverage to cope and recover from a
Resilience is the capacity to recover quickly from a traumatic experience. Eric Greiten writes,“To move through pain to wisdom, through fear to courage. Through suffering to strength requires resilience” (Eric Greiten 8). Whether the way a person express resilience is positive or negative, resilience acknowledges a person’s ability and pace to overcome the troublesome occurrences in life. In the book Unbroken, written by Laura Hillenbrand, the character Louis Zamperini deals with resilience by showing courage, and forgiveness.
Community health nursing is directed toward improving the health outcomes of the community through the prevention of disease as well as handling crises in the case of a natural disaster. In the following discussion, I will describe the stages to preparing for a tornado because of the potential of happening my local area and the public nurse’s role during each of the stages. Managing a disaster starts with the first stage which is the prevention phase. The demographics of local area need to be identified by trending the vulnerable groups so that extra attention and care can be provided.
Resilience is the ability to overcome adversity, fear, and show strength. Many people run away from fear, it is the one thing many hope they never have to encounter. Fear makes people buckle and waver not wanting to fight against it. It is those who are truly resilient like Jason Zimmerman and Frederick Douglass, who faced more fear than anyone could imagine, but still fought through that fear because they are the true definition of resilience. Jason Zimmerman, who was first a cancer patient at the age of six months had so much fear to overcome.
Housing conditions are comprised of the actual physical infrastructure of the house (whether it is sub-par construction or manufactured housing), homeownership and location/overcrowding. The housing conditions directly reflect what Tierney describes as the “affluence” of the populations, which is the ability to have affordable, well-constructed, self-owned homes. Many people at the lower end of the social class strata are living in poorly made/maintain housing, which they rent, in areas that are prone to disaster. Many of these individuals are unable to afford better housing, transportation, or have the ability to evacuate or prepare for a disaster. Similarly, after a disaster, these populations have a much lower resilience due to their social factors.
Marino makes it known that understanding this relationship is essential in distinguishing how Shishmaref citizens have become a vulnerable community. In fact, these relationships along with historical conditions, influenced how residents in that specific community experienced disasters. In this section, the differences between a hazard and vulnerability are also highlighted to determine their interconnection with disasters; for a disaster to take place both must be present. Marino strategically follows up with chapter three to show the link between climate change, vulnerability, and disasters. The purpose of this chapter was to demonstrate how ecological changes can be contributed to the vulnerability of Shishmaref.
Loss of life, property damage, economic disruption and environmental degradation all play a part in these devastating events, leaving an aftereffect with devastating challenges for these affected communities in their wake. This essay will examine some underlying social and economic factors which contribute to increased vulnerability while simultaneously challenging adaptive capacity among regional communities when facing bushfires. There are various social and economic factors that make regional communities more prone to bushfire impacts, such as population density. Many regional communities with relatively few residents distributed over an extensive geographical area make emergency response harder as emergency personnel must cover large areas with limited resources; additionally, their spread-out nature makes it more challenging for individuals seeking information or support during bushfire
In order to build strategies and skills for resilience to disaster in a community you must be able to observe the disaster from beginning to end to know the pros and cons of the aftermath. Being able to mitigate and rebound back to previous state of being is half the battle. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina showed us how vulnerable we were by revealing our core issues with lack of trust and the nonexistence relationship with the community groups and establishments, religious groups, and other organizations in the communities that created difficulties in community’s relationship. As a concept, community resilience offers an outline that embraces philosophies of equity and social justice with an emphasis on developing the majority of populations
What does resilience really mean to you? The literal definition to resilience is the ability to cope with problems and setbacks. In the story Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand, she shows us all different kind of ways that the characters in her story used the skills that Kendra Cherry was talking about, to help them out of every situation. In this story it shows how certain situations affect people in different ways and how each person goes through seven skills. The characteristic that Louie undergoes is the skill of Strong Problem-Solving.
Though the community only has a small effect on the overall picture, they are the most vulnerable to all disasters and threats. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the community to prepare one another and assess the potential risks and hazards within their community in addition to what steps are needed to address the issues. It is this preemptive response and planning, especially in locations with historically reoccurring hazards that reduce the disaster effects and overall cost. This community-based effort conducted by community groups has the, “potential to make a significant and long-lasting contributions to reducing local vulnerability and strengthening adaptive capacities” (Allen, 2006, p. 97). One example of a community-organized group is Community Emergency Response Teams or CERT.
In his 2002 piece Risk, Environment and Society Piet Strydom states ‘risk society is not only characterised by uncertainty about the intensity and reality of risk but also by uncertainty about the elusive concept of risk itself (P. Strydom, 2002). Due to the change in understanding the origins of risk, there has been an increase in contested, competing and conflicting risk definitions. Theorists of risk society compare and contrast many definitions of risk, including ‘local and global, individual and collective, natural and technological, real and constructed, calculable and incalculable, visible and invisible, voluntary and involuntary and actual and perceived risks’ to ensure effective risk communication (M. Ekberg, 2007, pg. 353). The proliferation of risk definitions is demonstrated by the academic literature surrounding the risk society. In World Risk Society (1999) Beck defines risk by distinguishing the difference between risk in danger, claiming ‘the point of this formulation is to distinguish decision-dependent risks that can be in principle brought under control, and dangers that have escaped or neutralised the control requirements of industrial society’ (U. Beck, 1999, pg. 31).
Resilience is the ability to bounce back from adversity or hardship, Debra Oswald was able to express this through the lives of fictitious characters based on real Australian People. She uses themes concerning people marginalised in society, the struggle to achieve one’s dream and the past affect the present, by using these ideas with the diverse cast of characters as well as the range of literary and dramatic techniques, Oswald was able to show how people face adversity and how important it is to have resilience through the engagement of the characters and there development throughout the play. Gary is an average Australian working class man who has been marginalised in society, he lives near the poverty line and struggles everyday to control
It is an ordinary process for humans to cope up with “demonstrable risks” (Masten, 2001) i.e. threats that have noticeably brought unwanted issues in one’s life. Resilience can be defined on two foundations; risks and positive adaptation. It is a quality of a person to accommodate with unfavorable alterations in life derived as a result of exposure to risks such as financial crisis, divorce, health problems or disaster. Therefore, resilience cannot exist in absence of risks.
There are linkages between social deficits and vulnerabilities in support of strong indications between high social vulnerability traits and low community resiliency traits. This relationship should include consideration of systematic design and management of policies and procedure processes including resiliency planning to decrease disaster vulnerability while increasing resiliency during the process (Bergstrand, Mayer, Brumback, & Zhang, 2015). Consequently, the further established vulnerability planning and risk assessments, the more of a comprehensive span of resiliency preparedness
According to Masten (2001) “resiliency refers to a class of phenomena characterized by good outcomes in spite of serious threats to adaptation or development” (p. 228). Garmezy (1991) considers the intelligence level of an individual and ability to possess the mind power to tackle an adverse situation as one pleases as the core characteristics of a resilient individual. Garmezy (1991) resiliency framework allows student affairs professionals is to examine the strengths of disadvantaged students who are faced with various life stressors, but
Terrorists usually operate in small, dispersed cells that can deploy anywhere, anytime and operate elusively and secretly having the tactical advantage of surprise. Terrorist’s resilience networked organization forms can make them tough to combat and possess to them inherent defensive advantages. The decentralized networked structure combines diversity interoperability, effective command and control and make terrorist groups robust and resilient in the face of adversity. The network structure in one hand increases some defensive aspects of the network, but on the other hand limits command and control coordination within it. It is difficult to defeat such decentralized terrorist groups and only portions of the network may be identified and targeted,