INTRODUCTION “It has been said by a thoughtful writer that the subject of witchcraft has hardly received that place which it deserves in the history of opinions.” (Notestein) Contrary to popular belief, Witchcraft is far more than mischief made by Sabrina the Teenage Witch or the hexes and curses made by the unappealing Hocus Pocus Coven. Witchcraft or Wicca, as they are generally used interchangeably, is a branch of paganism, a “Nature based magical religion and practice.” (Moura 39) After the European Witch Trials, those of the Wiccan faith hid themselves from the religious officials ready to burn them at the stake at any time. It was only after occultist and author Gerald Brousseau Gardner stayed with a local Coven that the ancient practices of the Wiccan religion came back to light, hailing him as the Father of Modern Wicca.
1.3.3 Methods of the measurement of DNase activity In 1950, the first method of the measurement of DNase I activity was described by Kunitz196. He isolated and precipitated DNase from fresh beef pancreas and isolated thymus nucleic acid. He found that the cleavage of DNA by crystalline DNase is accompanied by increase of absorption (at 260 nm) of UV light. This spectrophotometric method of measurement of the rate of the increase in the light absorption was then used for estimating of DNase activity. It lasted 43 years until in 1993 Nadano et al.
RESEARCH SYNOPSIS compare the effectiveness of hyperinflation techniques together with chest physiotherapy in the management of lung collapse Research Facilitator: Dr . M Usman Khan Coordinator ADPT , Ziauddin University Research Group Members: Mahrukh Mahmood Saeed Sheikh Farah Naz Sania Shazia Table of Context S.no CONTEXT PAGE NO. 1. TOPIC Page 3 2. REPORT OF THE PROBLEM Page 3 3.
The data that my group collected refutes our hypothesis because the difference and inconsistency of the breaths per minute in the ventilation rate and the breath volume in liters are all around the same amount. The p-value from the t-test for ventilation (breaths/minute) was 0.27, and for the breath volume (liters) it was 0.15. Both p-values are above 0.05, the Null Hypothesis is accepted. There is an overlap of data. The answer to the previous question is yes, mild and vigorous exercise affects the ventilation rate the same way as breath volume rates with little to no difference.
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome is characterized by hemangioblastomas involving the brain, spinal cord and cystic lesions of intra-abdominal organs such as the liver, kidney and pancreas.1 To our knowledge there have been no reports of these lesions involving the airway. Presence of cystic lesions in the airway could result in an unanticipated difficult airway. Inadvertent injury to a vascular epiglottic cyst resulting in airway bleeding is a dreaded complication that makes a difficult airway even more difficult to secure. CASE REPORT
Introduction: Sedation is frequently necessary for children 1to 7 years of age undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to ensure examinations that are of diagnostic quality(1). The success of sedation for MRI has typically been measured by two factors: the safety of sedation procedure (lack of adverse events) and effectiveness of procedure (successful completion of the diagnostic examination) (2). Sedation of children for MRI is usually associated with inadequate or failed sedation because of difficulties in having patients motionless while maintaining hemodynamic and respiratory stability. Also, limited access to the patient may pose a safety risk during MRI examination (2,3,4).Therefore, appropriate drugs need to be selected ,administered,
Impaired gas exchange is a nursing diagnosis for a patient suffering current or future problems with oxygen/carbon dioxide balance (unknown, 2012). Gas exchange is the passage of oxygen and carbon dioxide in opposite directions across the alveolocapillary membrane (Miller-Keane, 2003). With impaired gas exchange a patient can have an excess or deficit in oxygenation and/or carbon dioxide elimination at the alveolar-capillary membrane (Gulanick & Myers 2014). The structure and organization of the lung is meant to maximize its surface area to increase gas diffusion. Having such a large surface area increases the amount of gas that can diffuse into and out of the lungs.
Homeostasis is the body's method of keeping internal stability no matter what external influence disturbs its normal functioning (Anna, 2011). And the respiratory system is one of the systems in the body that helps to maintain homeostasis by maintaining pH and regulating gas exchange. The main function of this system is take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. This system has external respiration and internal respiration. External respiration is a mechanical process that exchange of gases in and out of the body, while internal respiration is the chemical process that breaking down nutrients with oxygen to produce energy.
Exchange of Air The amount and movement of air and expired gases in and out of the lungs are controlled by expansion and recoil of the lungs. The lungs do not actively expand and recoil themselves. Rather they are acted upon to do so in two ways by downward and upward movement of the diaphragm to lengthen and shorten the chest cavity and (2) by elevation and depression of the ribs to increase and decrease the back to front diameter of the chest cavity (figure given below) Normal quiet breathing is accomplished almost entirely by movement of the diaphragm . During inspiration, contraction of the diaphragm creates a negative pressure (vacuum) in the chest cavity and air is drawn into the lungs. During expiration
INTRODUCTION The most blazing feature of female reproductive system is the shedding of uterine epithelium at regular interval along with bleeding which is termed as Menstruation and the cycle of events occurring regularly is menstrual cycle.1 (A physiological cycl)e generally starts at puberty (menarche) and ends at age of 45 years (menopause). A monthly cycle which is related to ovulation and ovarian hormones. It is counted from the day on which menstrual bleeding begins.