The central argument in Miller’s article, titled “Are You Now Or Were You Ever”, asserts that the McCarthy era (along with the plot of The Crucible) was started by paranoia and unjust convictions of rather innocent people and was aided by the tension between the communist east and democratic west. He develops this argument through an appeal to logos. Miller identifies the arguments used by the accusing group and logically discredits their statements by deconstructing their details and adding factual evidence to help the audience understand the irrationalities of their allegations. One argument in particular was on how the defendants were promoted to reveal their political beliefs but were left to remain mute, further displaying the injustice …show more content…
One example in particular was when Miller compared the McCarthy era to being trapped in an Escher construct. He states that living in that time period felt like being in a perverse work of art, a juxtaposition between an Escher construct and that particular time. To continue, Miller uses references/allusions to The Crucible to compare the two eras. He helps the audience understand his reasons for writing The Crucible through his deeper connections between the conflicts that occurred in both eras. He allows them to see the somewhat fictitious cause and effect in his play in comparison to the real life events of the McCarthy era and jointly points out the injustices that occurred in both time periods. This viewpoint displays the silly, yet serious, message that was produced by The Crucible. To support his argument, Miller uses evidence such as historical facts and convincing stories of injustice. Throughout his article, Miller states his opinion on a certain matter and backs it up with at fact or story that will help the reader understand the abnormalities contained in the opposing …show more content…
McCarthy promotes that communism will only grow and destroy the democratic world if America does not stop them. For example, he writes, “Unless we face this fact [that a war is happening], we shall pay the price that must be paid by those who wait too long,” (McCarthy). He further explains how this conflict between the western Christian world and the atheistic communist world is mainly moral. McCarthy mentions that the moral consequence if the communists win is that “this religion of immoralism will more deeply wound and damage mankind than any conceivable economic or political system.” He also goes on to demonstrate how the supporters of communism has grown over the years (from about 180,000,000 people to 800,000,000 people). Clearly, McCarthy makes an intellectually valid assertion that Americans must be careful due to the obvious growth and war with the
McCarthyism relates to the actions of a Wisconsin senator named Joseph McCarthy, who used mass hysteria and fear of the Russians in order to further his own political career. As stated in the critical anthology by P. Barry an author of a Marxist text is “constantly formed by their social contexts in ways they
The hysteria that there were communists in the United States was common, and Mccarthy would use this elicit fear to ruin people’s careers and gain power. Much of the panic also came from the fact there were Russian spies in the United States and they were able to steal American secrets. In March of 1954 (Document A) Eisenhower gave a speech addressing the large amount of “hysteria” in the country, addressing the fears of Americans from internal sources; more specifically he is addressing “Unwise Investigators” such as Mccarthy, and the fear people have of being accused of being a communist, and the fears of communism spreading to America, considering the communist spies that were already present in the United States. George Kennan's policy was to stop the spread of communism by using the method of “containment”, this policy would carry on through the next decade. Americans were desperate to stop the spread of communism at all costs, and would take military action and engage in two wars (Korean & Vietnam), in order to halt the spread.
This quote highlights how prioritizing personal gain over important principles can be detrimental to society as a whole. Also as J. Ronald Oakley wrote in his essay, “The Great Fear,” "McCarthy, however, had no social or economic program and did not seek control of the military or government. He was not a fanatic or fascist, and he never tried to organize or lead any movement. As historian Richard Hofstadter later wrote in his The Paranoid Style in American Politics, the slovenly senator "could barely organize his files, much less a movement’"(207, the great fear). This quote can be used to argue that McCarthy's actions were not based on any serious political agenda or principles, but rather on personal ambition and a desire to exploit the fears and anxieties of the American people for his gain.
Miller utilized The Crucible as a means to express his concerns, injustices, and the misuse of power. According to Arthur Gelb and Barbara Gelb, Miller's critique of injustices within The Crucible stems from his unwavering dedication to justice, coupled with his belief, in literature's influential capacity to confront oppressive systems (Gelb and Gelb). The
The Crucible by Arthur Miller is a powerful play that delves into the Salem witch trials of 1692. The play is rich in figurative language, which adds depth and complexity to the characters and themes. Three types of figurative language used in The Crucible are symbolism, metaphor, and irony. Through these literary devices, Miller heightens the tension and intensity of the play, and helps the audience to better understand the characters and their motivations.
The Crucible History is bound to repeat itself. Events in history can always be parallel to modern examples. This is a frequent occurrence and it is natural progression of history. Of course these parallels aren’t flawless. As such making a social commentary alluding to one event through the perspective of another may require some invention of facts.
Arthur Miller in “Are You Now Or Were You Ever” in relations to “The Crucible” explains the problems that society has with the idea of Communism; Communism is the belief that all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs. During this time there was the issue with Mccarthy and his anti-communism ideologies. Miller gives the argument on how this has affected not only himself but the people around him and society which had led to a sense of paranoia. To give the argument in which society has become paranoid and separate, he uses the Rhetorical strategies such as the usage of analogy, Rhetorical questions, and imagery. To begin with, In order to give the idea of how society has become paranoid and unaware of their problems Miller uses analogy.
Senator Joseph McCarthy was a merciless politician who would be censured by the Senate in 1954 for his false accusations. However, his political journey throughout the country had a significant impact on the American public. Americans let fear override their conscious and allowed a bully to insert panic into their minds. McCarthy’s crusade was powerful and convinced the naive public during a time of war to question their own government without sufficient
To begin, Arthur Miller claims that the McCarthy Era and the Salem witch trials were in fact very similar through the use of diction. Throughout Millers article, it can be seen many times the way that he compares the McCarthy Era to The Crucible. At one point of his article, Miller uses the adjective of “cautionary” to explain the people chose of words during the Salem witch trials and the McCarthy Era. Millers choice of diction conveys the fear and the reluctance that people had in speaking of the events taking place due to the claims made against the accused witches and accused communist during the two different time periods. Miller explains how at those points in time “words had gotten fearsome” and people were
In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, Miller uses the different characters which were semi factual to create the scenario and mood for the play. In fact, Miller creates the mood for the book with his title. A crucible is a container in which one puts objects such as metals and are put to extremely high temperatures. This gives the idea to the reader that this play will be one of high tension and drama. By creating this scenario, Miller gives the readers of the era a story to relate to during such times of tension and drama, and compares the Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism directly through the
Miller’s purpose of The Crucible was to represent and mirror the social injustice under McCarthyism as people falsely accused each other because their fear, jealousy and solely hatred of one another. Although, around 1950-1954 the “innocent until proven guilty” clause existed, most trials and accusations were led by “guilty until proven innocent.” Despite Miller’s efforts to criticise people’s actions as
Miller wrote The Crucible as a way to show that letting fear control decisions is a bad
The Crucible is a story by Arthur Miller this story was released during the Mccarthyism era and is written to relate what is going on during Mccarthyism time and compared to what had happened during the time of the Salem witch trials. The setting or the crucible will impact the characters, the plot and the tone of the story. The setting of The Crucible affected the characters because during this period of time Salem Massachusetts was a Puritan colony. The Puritans were very strict people, for example on page 1154 of Arthur Miller's The Crucible Paris the town's Minister threatens to beat his slave Tituba “ You will confess yourself or I will take you out and whip you to death Tituba” that statement says that the fact that Parris is going to whip Tituba to death if she doesn't do what he says and confess that he is willing to kill anyone who does not follow the rules. Another
In Arthur Miller 's play The Crucible, false accusations and fear are used to imprison and kill many people accused of being witches. In this way, The Crucible stands as an allegory for McCarthy 's communist hunt, during which many people were also killed and imprisoned due to accusations of communism. By comparing McCarthyism to the Salem Witch Trials, Miller is able to communicate that people should not conform to societal trends because these trends may be misleading and cause innocent people to get hurt. Many characters in The Crucible serve as allegories to McCarthy 's communist hunt, specifically Abigail Williams, Giles Corey, and Betty Parris.
Arthur Miller wrote The Crucible in 1953, as a response to McCarthyism, which is, in general, accusing people of crimes with little to no proof. It ran rampant through the United States during the Second Red Scare through the early 1950s (exactly when Arthur Miller wrote The Crucible). In The Crucible, Miller juxtaposes the leaders, who rationally think for themselves, and the followers, who believe what everybody else believes, through irony, imagery, and denotation. The Crucible is riddled with irony, and Arthur Miller utilizes situational and dramatic irony to show the difference between followers and leaders.