In the letter to Thomas Jefferson from Benjamin Banneker, it is evident that Banneker uses the rhetorical strategies of humility, religious references, and historical references to create a foundation for a rational and favorable argument against slavery.
Banneker is clearly a well-educated man with a background of respectable talents (“…farmer, astronomer, mathematician…” etc.). However, he does not allow his knowledge to condescend towards the white man to whom he is writing. Banneker’s humility is a rhetorical device that contributes to the argument against slavery. Never in the letter does Banneker refer to Jefferson by name. He only refers to him as “sir”. In fact, Banneker begins each paragraph with “Sir… Here, sir… This, sir…”. Banneker is clearly doing this as to not step out of the place given to him by society. He is clearly fighting a fight he alone is not likely to win, and as history will tell us, he didn’t win for another seventy-two years.
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Banneker compares his people to Job, “a righteous man who endures much suffering.” He then refers to a quote from Job, “put your souls in their souls stead,” encouraging Jefferson to look at the situation from the perspective of a black man. Banneker also calls out Jefferson by claiming he is “so fully convinced by the benevolence of the Father… at the same time counteract his mercies…”. By this statement, Banneker is blatantly calling out the United States Government’s hypocrisy and is so bold as to say that Jefferson “should at the same time be found guilty…” Guilty. Banneker is calling the Secretary of State a criminal, and is using religious references to do so. It can be considered very admirable that Banneker would be willing to point an accusatory finger at someone inherently superior in this society the way he
Throughout Banneker’s letter he uses repetition and archaic diction. He repeatedly refers to Jefferson as sir. He starts off, “Sir, suffer me to recall to your mind that time which...” and he then again says, “This sir, was a time in which you clearly saw into the injustice...” By repeating sir it makes it very direct. Also by using sir instead of Jefferson, Banneker makes the letter more formal and respectful.
The quote also appeals to Jefferson’s emotions because Banneker makes him feel guilty about slavery. Jefferson
Benjamin Banneker’s letter is filled with a litany of examples to argue against slavery. Banneker was a farmer, astronomer, mathematician, surveyor, author, and the son of former slaves. Banneker wrote a letter to Thomas Jefferson, the framer of the Declaration of Independence and secretary of state. In this letter Banneker uses rhetorical strategies to argue against slavery such as being a hypocrite, using the word “sir” referring to Jefferson, and using examples of the declaration of independence of how it’s wrong with “all men created equal.” Banneker is a flat out hypocrite.
Benjamin Banneker had ancestors that were slaves, so he felt he needed to show how cruel slavery is. Banneker wrote this letter to convey his message to Thomas Jefferson, secretary of state. Banneker utilizes rhetorical devices and rhetorical appeals to argue against slavery. Banneker presents repetition when saying, "Sir” to show respect toward Jefferson, despite disagreeing with the secretary of state’s views. "You" is repeated to keep the matters personal.
The initial use of “sir” is seen as a sign of respect towards Jefferson. Banneker hopes to appear as a selfless, humble man when writing to the secretary of state. However, once Banneker shifts the argument and begins to criticize Jefferson of his wrongdoings, “sir” can be interpreted differently. Essentially, it is the words being said after “sir” that give us the impression Banneker is developing an aggressive tone. For example, Banneker states, “Sir, I suppose that your knowledge of the situation of my brethren is too extensive to need a recital here.”
Banneker uses common sense throughout the whole passage, he uses common sense every time he talks about an issue. He uses examples of how slavery and the lack of freedom for slaves goes against the laws of common sense, he is doing this in an attempt to appeal to Washington and Jefferson using his idea of common sense. Common sense can also be connected to the first tactic since they are often in the same sentence, this could possibly add value to the sentence to be able to persuade Jefferson and Washington more
Jefferson is known for his crucial role in the birth of the Declaration of Independence, and Banneker uses his own words against him. Jefferson is accused of “clearly seeing the injustices of a state of slavery” and having “apprehensions of the horrors of its condition.” A man of such values and a “valuable doctrine, which is worthy to be recorded and remembered in all succeeding ages,” could surely not be such a hypocrite to his own words,
Banneker quotes Jefferson’s words, verbatim,“ We hold truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal…” and that everyone has “certain unalienable rights that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”. Banneker is calling Jefferson out by pointing out his moral flaw. The flaw being how Jefferson stated that he believes everyone to be equal in nature; that all people have the right to liberty and to live a life in which it is joyful. By doing this, he is showing Jefferson that he has no excuse for allowing slavery to continue. He is giving prime evidence of Jefferson’s hypocritical crime, by reminding him of his morally right and unalienable equality, that he has gone back
Banneker Also uses a bible allusion. Furthermore, he says, “Thus shall your hearts be enlarged with kindness and benevolence towards them; and thus shall you need neither the direction of myself or others, in what manner to proceed herein.” He uses this to make him feel better for calling him a hypocrite earlier in his letter. He says this make Thomas Jefferson feel as if it’s not too late to change. This makes Jefferson feel that it’s not all he fault and just needs to take Banneker’s advice.
Banneker know his place in terms that he is black, so he is not treated as equal. Banneker brings up the fact that Jefferson knows how he feels, as Jefferson has gone through having his freedom stripped from him. Banneker tells Jefferson to recall the time when “the arms and tyranny” of the king were applied with a stern effort to reduce him to a “State of Servitude.”
However, he does not intentionally put others down to feel superior because he believes he is superior. He is disrespectful of Mrs. Ttt’s home and wears his dirty boots indoors because he believes such trivial actions are beneath the gravity of his accomplishments. Captain William’s ethnocentrism clouds his ability to see that his accomplishment means nothing to a different culture. This arrogant man condescendingly informs Mr. Iii that “we’d like a place to sleep. [...] We’d like the key to the city or something” (57).
The tone overall tone of the letter is satirical. Throughout the letter, Banneker subtly reprimands Jefferson. For example, in the second paragraph of his essay, Banneker directly quotes Jefferson’s input to the Declaration of independence: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, and that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” By directly quoting Jefferson, Banneker essentially say it is ironic that Jefferson preaches equality, yet denies African Americans this “equality”. In a sense, Banneker is labeling Jefferson a hypocrite for not enforcing something he feels so strongly
Hypocrisy is one of the worst moral crimes someone can commit. Benjamin Banneker's letter to Thomas Jefferson explains that he has committed this crime. He has gone back on his morale of everyone having unalienable rights by letting slavery continue to happen, and Banneker believes he is the prime contender in allowing this crime to happen and that he should be the start and make the move to stop slavery. Banneker explains this to Jefferson in such a way that the letter is both respectful and thoughtful while also being rude due to the use of how he phrases his sentences, that his argument can not be questioned because of his use of ‘Sir’ to show his respect, and his ardent choice of words which are all collectively used to explain how Jefferson is being hypocritical and show him why he should fix this.
By doing so, Banneker aligns with Jefferson’s own struggles to be free. Banneker also alludes to the Declaration of Independence. “…That all men are created equal…among
Uncle Andrew feels a sense of superiority over others, even though that authority was not given to him. On the other hand, people, like the old professor who was put in