Biped Robot Analysis

The long bone is that it allows movement , particularly in the limbs eg the femur (thigh bone) tibia and fibula (lower leg bones) humerus (upper arm bone), the radius and the ulna (lower arm). Metacarpals (hand bones) metersals (foot bone) and phalanges (finger and toe bone) Functions of the skeleton The skeleton is the framework of the body; it supports the softer tissue and provides point of attachment for most skeletal muscles. The skeleton provides mechanical protection for many of the body’s internal organs, redusing risk of injury to them. Skeletal bones are attached to the muscle contract they cause bone to move, packed with over 200 bones, skeletons protect, shape support and move our bodies as well as producing red blood cells in the bone

Joints allow movement in the human body. The bones forming the joint are held together by ligaments. The 3 types of joints fibrous or immovable an example would be the skull. Cartilaginous or slightly moveable an example would be the vertebrae. Synovial or freely movable would include, ball and socket for example the hip.

When jumping switching legs and arms switch as well. This engages the deltoids, triceps, biceps and the pectoralis major. The gluteus maximum is just one of three muscle that help straighten the hip joint and assists in shifting or switching of the legs during the jump. The hamstrings also help straighten the hips and assists with bending of the knee. The gastrocnemius, which is located at the behind the shin, also help with the bending of the knee and the soleus which is just located below the gastrocnemius helps flex the knee.

These mechanical devices motion behaviour are sensed, planned, modelled, operated and controlled which is influenced by programming. Robots that achieve their specified task in an unstructured environment are deemed intelligent. The intelligent integration of components by system integration, achieving task by an operated mechanical device is to a large extent robotics. The boundaries of robotics is not clearly defined

have also developed a standing mobility vehicle with passive exoskeleton assisting voluntary posture control \cite{Eguchi}. The standing mobility vehicle is capable of assisting voluntary sitting-standing posture transition in addition to high mobility with upright posture. %The passive exoskeleton using gas springs makes use of a user's center of gravity transition while user's natural sitting and standing posture transition. The sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transition is an asymmetric motion, which the load moment by the user's weight around the ankle and knee joints are also asymmetric. The exoskeleton uses the human asymmetric properties, and realizes passive posture transition assisting

These consist of the three cuneiform bones, the cuboid bone, and the navicular bone. The hind foot: Itconfigures the heel and the ankle. The talus bone upkeepsthe leg bones (tibia and fibula), creating the ankle. The calcaneus (heel bone) is the biggest bone in your foot. Ligaments, muscles and tendonscourse along the planes of your feet, allowing the complexarrangementsdesirable for movement and steadiness.

The femoral head is attached to the rest of the femur by a short section of a bone called femoral neck. A large bone protruding out from the top of the femur which located next to the femoral neck is called the greater trochanter. Large and important muscles connect to greater trochanter. Figure 1: Showing the anatomy of the hip joint In the hip, Articular cartilage covers inner parts of the femur and socket portion of the acetabulum in the pelvis. The cartilage is especially thick in the upper and back part of the socket.

Removable partial dentures replace several teeth that are missing on the same arch. Implant supported overdentures are different from the traditional removable dentures in that although they are removable, overdentures are more stable due to the support of the titanium implants. Lastly, fixed dentures on the upper and/or lower arch remain in place permanently with four implants to anchor them. Overdentures When compared to traditional dentures, overdentures have many advantages. Overdentures allow an individual to bite and chew more naturally.

They present a module that in which the user can command the wheel chair based on their voice and the accelerometer. This paper describes a wheelchair for physically disabled people developed using voice recognition kit and MEMS motion sensor. Efficient in helping Paraplegic People without putting their

Most of the human body is made of bones and muscles. According to (Muscolino, 2011) the skeletal system consists of bones and provides a strong framework for the body. The muscle system is made of a group of skeletal muscle tissue that are attached to bone. This essay will discuss how the muscle and skeletal system work together. The aspects that will be explained are movement, protection and the differences.