Role Of Enzymes In Metabolic Pathways

Introduction Enzymes regulate the biochemical processes in various organisms. The enzymes catalyze reactions and at times help with the generation of the ATP, which is an energy source. Among the enzymes of biological importance is the succinyl CoA synthetase. The essay focuses on the structure, functions, and relations of succinyl CoA synthetase.

Background: Macromolecules are organic molecules that are necessary for life, these molecules include nuclei acids, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Carbohydrates are the bodies main source of energy, but they 're in the wrong forms, for example lactose, which was used in the lab. Enzymes are used to break down the carbohydrates into simpler components that are easily digested and converted into energy. The purpose of this lab was to show how specific enzymes are, and how enzymatic

Enzymes: Enzymes are the biological catalysts which are globular proteins in nature. They catalyze or accelerate the chemical reactions. They speed up the chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway of lower activation energy. The molecules on which enzymes acts are called substrates and these are converted into different molecules called products. All the metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes to occur at a faster rate to sustain life.

They are one of the building blocks of body tissue and also serve as a fuel source. Protein is essential for the growth and repair of the body and maintenance of good health. The amount of protein we need are changes during the life time. Different food contains different amount and different combinations of amino acids sequences (British nutrition foundation,2012).

The mechanism of attenuation in trp operon The process of controlling transcription termination by the rate of translation of the attenuator is termed as attenuation. In bacterial cells transcription and translation are coupled. The leader sequence (trpL) controls the operon through attenuation.

Digestion is a form of catabolism process of breaking down food physically and chemically large food molecules in to smaller components. Chemically digestion is carried out using enzymes and hormones with in different segments of the digestive tract. The presence of enzymes in the digestive tract helps breakdown polymeric biomolecules into individual monomers. This process is crucial for surviving because cells cannot use nutrients the way they were consumed without being metabolized. Nutrients need to be small enough to be absorbed by epithelium of the small intestine and transported by the help of carrier proteins.

An enzyme is a biological catalyst (protein) which speeds up the rate of chemical reactions without changing the chemical reaction at the end. A chemical reaction is when a substance is changed into a different substance. To begin a reaction, you need energy which in this case is called activation energy. A reaction in a chemical reaction is called a substrate when it is being acted upon by an enzyme that speeds up the rate of a reaction. In addition, the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds is the active site.

• Enzyme Kinetics Enzyme kinetics Introduction It is the study of those reactions that are moderated by enzymes. In enzyme kinetics, the rate of reaction is measured and the effects of different conditions of the reaction are found out. Enzymes are protein in nature that moderate other molecules — the enzymes ' molecules .

It is mainly found in fruits and honey and is the main free sugar circulating in the blood of higher animals. Glucose is the source of energy in cell function, and regulation of its metabolism. Molecules of starch are the main energy-reserve carbohydrate of plants consists of thousands of linear glucose units. Another major and linear compound composed of glucose is cellulose [Glucose]. Protein is found throughout the body in the

REGULATION OF FATTY ACID METABOLISM Introduction: Fatty acids are produced by acetyl-CoA by its transformation to malonyl-COA by various known as fatty acid synthases and this takes place in cytoplasm. Acetyl-COA is fuether transformed into various fats molecules taken from carbohydrates through a process known as glycolytic pathway. This pathway basically requires glycerol along with three fatty acid molecules to form a structure called as neutral fats or triglycerols. Two fatty acid molecules basically combines together with a molecule of glycerol along with third alcohol group is phosphorylated to form new structures such as phospholipid and phosphatidylcholine. It makes bilayers that involves in formation of cell membranes around various organelles

Kylinn Walston RADT 3143 Chapter 1: Cellular Biology 1-1. Explain how the structure of the plasma membrane influences the movement of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and sodium ions. a. The plasma membrane is extremely important because of its multi-functionality to each cell, it is what keeps the cell complete. The membrane structure is determined by the lipid bilayer, and proteins determine the membrane functions. The membrane has a lipid bilayer containing hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. This bilayer blocks hydrophilic substances from passing while still allowing water diffusion.

Introduction: Enzymes are needed for survival in any living system and they control cellular reactions. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the energy needed for molecules to begin reacting with each other. They do this by forming an enzyme-substrate complex that reduces energy that is required for a specific reaction to occur. Enzymes determine their functions by their shape and structure. Enzymes are made of amino acids, it 's made of anywhere from a hundred to a million amino acids, each they are bonded to other chemical bonds.

When hydrochloric acid is presented, pepsinogen (inactive enzyme) will be converted into pepsin (active enzyme), which the functions is to catalyze reactions with protein.

An enzyme is s specialized protein made to catalyze a chemical reaction. Enzymes form a complex with a substrate and break the substrate down to chemical products far more quickly than the random chemical reactions that would have occurred without the enzyme. In this experiment we were testing to see how different factors of enzymes would effect the rate that they broke H202 into H20+02. Measuring the amount of O2 with guaiacol to see how orange the solution turned showing the rate of the enzyme break down. The hypothesis of this experiment was supported in some of the results that came from each factor experiment.

Observing the effects of a catalyst on an enzyme’s rate of reaction Leong, M., Kim, E., Nair, A. Achilly, K., 9/22/2015 Introduction: An enzyme is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst. A catalyst increases the rate of reaction by reducing the activation energy required (Reece 2005). Catalase, an enzyme produced by most living organisms, catalyzes the decomposition of H2O2 in our bodies in order to maintain homeostasis.