Role Of Enzymes In Metabolic Pathways

Introduction Enzymes regulate the biochemical processes in various organisms. The enzymes catalyze reactions and at times help with the generation of the ATP, which is an energy source. Among the enzymes of biological importance is the succinyl CoA synthetase. The essay focuses on the structure, functions, and relations of succinyl CoA synthetase. The molecular weight and the subunit structure Succinyl- CoA synthetase enzyme is a heterotetramer with both an alpha and beta subunits.

Background: Macromolecules are organic molecules that are necessary for life, these molecules include nuclei acids, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Carbohydrates are the bodies main source of energy, but they 're in the wrong forms, for example lactose, which was used in the lab. Enzymes are used to break down the carbohydrates into simpler components that are easily digested and converted into energy. The purpose of this lab was to show how specific enzymes are, and how enzymatic

Enzymes: Enzymes are the biological catalysts which are globular proteins in nature. They catalyze or accelerate the chemical reactions. They speed up the chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway of lower activation energy. The molecules on which enzymes acts are called substrates and these are converted into different molecules called products. All the metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes to occur at a faster rate to sustain life.

The efficiency or degree to which dietary proteins can be used for building parts of the human body is determined principally by the type and relative amounts of the Amino acid present in the particular protein molecule. They are one of the building blocks of body tissue and also serve as a fuel source. Protein is essential for the growth and repair of the body and maintenance of good health. The amount of protein we need are changes during the life time. Different food contains different amount and different combinations of amino acids sequences (British nutrition foundation,2012).

The mechanism of attenuation in trp operon The process of controlling transcription termination by the rate of translation of the attenuator is termed as attenuation. In bacterial cells transcription and translation are coupled. The leader sequence (trpL) controls the operon through attenuation. The leader sequence has 4 main regions with some kind of palindromic sequence. When the amount of tryptophan is low the translation of domain1 (requires trp) slows down.The domains 2& 3 pairs which allows the continued transcription, resulting in the biosynthesis of tryptophan.

Digestion is a form of catabolism process of breaking down food physically and chemically large food molecules in to smaller components. Chemically digestion is carried out using enzymes and hormones with in different segments of the digestive tract. The presence of enzymes in the digestive tract helps breakdown polymeric biomolecules into individual monomers. This process is crucial for surviving because cells cannot use nutrients the way they were consumed without being metabolized. Nutrients need to be small enough to be absorbed by epithelium of the small intestine and transported by the help of carrier proteins.

An enzyme is a biological catalyst (protein) which speeds up the rate of chemical reactions without changing the chemical reaction at the end. A chemical reaction is when a substance is changed into a different substance. To begin a reaction, you need energy which in this case is called activation energy. A reaction in a chemical reaction is called a substrate when it is being acted upon by an enzyme that speeds up the rate of a reaction. In addition, the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds is the active site.

• Enzyme Kinetics Enzyme kinetics Introduction It is the study of those reactions that are moderated by enzymes. In enzyme kinetics, the rate of reaction is measured and the effects of different conditions of the reaction are found out. Enzymes are protein in nature that moderate other molecules — the enzymes ' molecules . These target molecules bind to an enzyme 's activity site and are transformed into completed products through a series of steps known as enzymatic mechanism. These mechanisms can be divided into single-step and multiple-step mechanisms.

Glucose is the source of energy in cell function, and regulation of its metabolism. Molecules of starch are the main energy-reserve carbohydrate of plants consists of thousands of linear glucose units. Another major and linear compound composed of glucose is cellulose [Glucose]. Protein is found throughout the body in the

REGULATION OF FATTY ACID METABOLISM Introduction: Fatty acids are produced by acetyl-CoA by its transformation to malonyl-COA by various known as fatty acid synthases and this takes place in cytoplasm.Acetyl-COA is fuether transformed into various fats molecules taken from carbohydrates through a process known as glycolytic pathway.This pathway basically requires glycerol along with three fatty acid molecules to form a structure called as neutral fats or triglycerols.Two fatty acid molecules basically combines together with a molecule of glycerol along with third alcohol group is phosphorylated to form new structures such as phospholipid and phosphatidylcholine.It makes bilayers that involves in formation of cell membranes around various organelles