2.3.1 Governance and local governance defined For several years great efforts has been devoted to the study of governance. Hence, many researchers have tried to define governance as a concept. Du Toit et al (2002:64) refers to governance as management actions that aims to uplift the welfare of the citizens served through provision of services. While, Naidoo (2011:32) notes governance as a process of decision-making and implemented. He further compares governance and good governance, stating that good governance is not merely the process of decision making however, it is of the process of “value-adding” to the lives of the citizens. Weiss (2000) acknowledges that while the concept of good governance is broad, it is inclusive of conducting …show more content…
Mackay (2007) acknowledges that M&E has a major role in promoting good governance. While Bratton (2001:454) states that public goods needs to be measured to demonstrate the value added. Maphunye (2013:15) notes that one of the major challenges in relation to reporting with Gauteng municipalities is the fact that municipalities are not fully performing their M&E roles. It is therefore that the literature presents an acknowledgement of the critical role M&E plays to strengthens and improve good …show more content…
For the purpose of this research, the reviewed literature has only been limited to M&E functions and practice in relation to vertical accountability within local government. In many cases referred to as public accountability. Hence, the following sections reviews the extent to which public accountability has been performed within local government 2.3.3 Public accountability within local governance a) Legislative framework that guides public accountability within local government Public accountability in South Africa is guided by the Batho Pele Principles as embodied in the Batho Pele White Paper for Transforming Public Service Delivery. In line with that, Mfene (2014) states that one of the primary tasks of local councillors is to ensure that the municipality as a whole is accountable to the people it serves. The Community Law Project (2008) notes that the elected municipal council members could through elections, public meetings, formal grievance procedures and recall embrace accountability at local government level. It is therefore that Batho Pele "People First" principles aimed at ensuring good service to the customers/citizens in which the “principles of consultation, service standards, information, openness and transparency and best value are most dominant in the context of public accountability” states Krishnan
The relevant sections were enacted for the legitimate end of preventing the reality and perception of undue influence and corruption of the government, and ensuring equality from a political standpoint. This, they maintained, preserved and enhanced the constitutionally prescribed system of
The term “Big Business” was first coined in the 1800’s, used as an insult against companies that controlled the market, like monopolies. Monopolies are bad because they allow one company/organization/individual to produce a product and sell it for whatever price they want because the product has their name on it. Certain businessmen, like the richest political and business tycoons, Rockefeller, Carnegie, Vanderbilt, Ford, Morgan, etc. were able to capitalize on the 5 biggest industries which were oil, steel, railroads, automobiles, and textiles. These men were entrepreneurs that took America into the Gilded Age and created some of the biggest companies of the era, most of which are still around today and dominate the industries. Rockefeller
This argument for using elite, state-appointed officials as a safeguard
In chapter 4 Goodsell states, “ Facing double and sometimes treble standards, bureaucracies are, as the old saying goes, damned if they do and damned if they don’t.” This statement shows just how
Corruption was prevalent in the United States during the 1900s. Fraud existed in major industries, such as monopolies or unsafe working conditions. Several people wanting reform wrote books and articles about the industries which made a large impact on the consumers and users of industries. This put pressure on the president to make changes in regulating these industries. Muckrakers, a group of journalists, exposed corrupt issues to the American public, which brought reform to many major industries such as oil, railroads, and government.
In order to make this compromise effective, an agenda could be set between local organizations and stakeholders to sort out their odds and find a common ground. Moreover, since the decision involves the society deeply, surveys and public polls should be conducted to understand people’s opinions and expectations for how they want their community to
As a result, the impact of large enterprises on the government is becoming more and more big, and big enterprises seem to learn more and more how to achieve their own interests in the
Planning is transforming socially, but to achieve change it has to bring together, politicians, planners, and residents (Sandercock, 2004). Citizen’s opinions and rights should be taken into consideration. It is the number one rule in the planning process for participants. It says, “recognize the rights of citizens to participate in planning decisions” (Ethical, n.d.). Cities cannot progress unless they change their ways of doing things.
The provinces own a majority number of Crown corporations, including some of Canada’s largest utilities, and could raise large amounts of revenue in the short-run. Unfortunately the government’s weak accountability framework from before 1976 of Crown Corporation’s lead to the deterioration of competiveness in organizational-centered and budged-driven organizations. It was not until Trudeau’s government of more Citizen-centered and rational centralization that the government started to control and improve on the accountability framework. In the 1990s the federal government realized “that since progamme restructuring and deficit reduction would dominate the political agenda for some time, and therefore governments in ‘thinking the unthinkable’ with the respect to deregulation and contracting out, privatization, or public-private partnerships. Currently such exploration is proceeding under the umbrella concept of alternative delivery” (page 57 lines1,2,3.
Local governments are most favorable by citizens because the easy access and control by people who are involved. You can call local government official in general and may personally know them. Local government is the most common government exist in the society. Definition for local government is a form of public administration which in a majority of contexts exists as the lowest tier of administration within a given state. Local government’s objective is to effectually use of land to product robust and complex ecosystems.
Interactions amid the provinces and the federal government, from constitutional issues to the most irresistible topics bang up-to-date in the country, are indemnified beneath the umbrella of “Federalism”. Authorities are shared so that on some matters, the state governments are decision-holders, whereas on the other matters, national government grasps the autonomy. In last twenty-five years, the upsurge of federal fiats on both governments, local and state, has shifted the power amongst state and national governments. Now, the national government is beginning to have more governance over the state’s engagements.
Accountability In The Army What is accountability ?. Accountability is the obligation that an individual or an organization has to be answerable, take responsibility for its actions, and provide an account in a transparent manner. Achievement of this character trait in an organization requires every individual in an organization to own up to his or her responsibilities, their actions and the results after that. Accountability is crucial due to various reasons. Accountability can make someone trustworthy it can provide responsibility it can encourage ownership it can.
What is New Public Management(NPM): New Public Management(NPM) is abroad term that applies to two sorts of reforms,the use of market and quasi market mechanism to govern individual and organization and the use of management method include public sector organization. Mongkol has defined NPM as”a set of particular management approaches and techniques which are mainly borrowed from the private sector and applied in the public sector. Emergence of New Public Management: Traditional public administration contributed to many countries around the world up to the end of the 1960s. However, by the 1970s, there were calls for introducing a new management system based on market orientation. The need for such a management system was seen in the increasing number of harsh criticisms that showed that traditional public administration was no longer suitable, and thus should be replaced.
1. Introduction Launched out of a garage workshop in southern California, the first Mattel products were picture frames. Moving on from doll house furniture made from picture frame scraps, the company invested its interest in toys. Barbie and Hot Wheels are among the largest commercial successes Mattel has to its name. Mattel went public in 1960 and joined the Fortune 500 in 1965 with sales of more than $100 million. Mattel went on to acquire brands like Fischer-Price, Tyco toys and American Girl and emerged as a parent company with seven subsidiaries.
Self-interest is when people settle on choices that are in their own particular best advantage. Like then you choose to get up toward the beginning of the day to go to work and profit, or when you pay the supermarket for sustenance that you might want to eat. Social interest is when decisions are made that advantage society all in all. Envision one individual, who is all knowing and truly thinks about the general population.