Routine Activities Theory Research Paper

Policing policies including broken windows and zero-tolerance policy have different limitations on what can be stopped. The broken windows theory gave police a wide discretion when stopping citizens. During the time when broken windows was implemented, citizens were able to get away with low-level crimes. Once zero-tolerance began, the officers became more strict in stopping citizens which would make them feel targeted for the wrong reasons, like the color of their skin. The zero-tolerance policy was implemented to update the police’s discretion of what to stop and to keep crime down.

As one commentator suggests, “order to do their jobs and find criminals, they acknowledge the importance of race and ethnicity” (4 Impressive Pros and Cons of Racial Profiling). As a result, crime rates will drop and the law will be obeyed more. Although, some officers have different opinions about racial profiling saying instead of practicing that form of catching criminals, they use “ data and actionable intelligence which include ethnic background” (4 Impressive Pros and Cons of Racial Profiling). They believe that they are just doing the skills they were taught and are only trying to do their

One of the theories it speaks of is the Pyrrhic defeat theory. This theory states that the criminal justice system is created to function in a particular fashion in order to create an image of crime where crime is actually seen as the “threat from the poor”. (Reiman, 2010, p.5) “Reimans’s theory suggests that those who have power to change the system benefit from the way it operates: they can go on committing harms and accumulating wealth without punishment, while the country remains focused on street crime and poor minority criminals.”(Leighton 2010) In order to accomplish this “The system must actually fight crime-or at least some crime-but only enough to keep it from getting out of hand and to keep the struggle to substantially reduce or eliminate crime.”(Reiman, 2010, p.5) This means that by creating an image that our system is trying to fight crime, but at the same time allowing certain crimes to exist and scare society, it benefits the wealthy in several ways. First, it promotes that the wealthy population is

I think you might have mixed directed patrol 's definition with proactive policing. Directed patrol focuses on concentrating police presence in area 's where crimes are prevalent, while proactive is where police actively tries to arrest criminals before crimes are committed rather than from receiving an call about a crime. After possibly clearing up any misconceptions about the two kinds of patrols, which would you find the most useful? From your discussion board post, it sounded like you meant that proactive patrol was more effective, is that still the case our have you changed your

The term net-widening is a term that describes all other options that allow criminals to stray away from incarceration or diversion programs to help perpetrators stray away from the court. The primary purpose for net-widening is to decrease the number of criminals going to court. I do think that net-widening is a legitimate concern because there are a few negative effects. Net-widening allows for an increase of control over the majority amount of people. This idea does not reduce the desire of a convicted criminal to re-commit a crime.

Currently, the main focus of our corrections system is a crime-control model. The crime-control is a model of corrections based on the assumption that criminal behavior can be controlled by a greater use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision. On the surface the crime-control model’s goal may appear to be to imprison a greater number of people and that it will not lower crime. However, when looking at official crime statistics this isn’t the case. The number of crimes, both violent and non-violent have decreased.

I believe it is vital that we stop selling guns to people who scratch off serial numbers and sell them into the streets. Furthermore, I believe that small steps in improving gun laws will go a long way. If the American people can come together and agree that our second amendment is amazing and a powerful tool in times of need but a power that should be taken serious with many proper precautions, we can advance in the digression of gun violence in America. Getting involved with your community and learning about the effects of gun violence can help by changing things within your life, spreading to the lives of others. The best people have said you have to be the change you want to see in the world.

Crime rates can provide insight as to what deviance, or lack thereof, is occurring in a society. Crime rates in North America have been steadily declining after the year 1990. The study of the declining crime rate is integral to criminology because it represents the progress made by people in their effort to reduce crime and make a safer society for everyone. It also symbolizes the changing values and morals that society holds. Although the motivations behind the change in crime rate are complicated and several, this paper will be analyzing a few of these reasons.

Through the use of financial and administrative sanctions against police officers we can better deter illegal searches and seizures. If an officer makes an illegal search and seizure there can be a set fine that they would have to pay to the courts, the fine can adjust in value to match the severity in misconduct. Officers can face being removed from the case, suspension without pay, or even termination from their job depending on the severity of the violation. These alternatives provide real and motivating consequences to police officers and would act as a better deterrent than the exclusionary

In his article, “Get tough on taggers”, Joseph F. Licastro argues that graffiti should not go unpunished and should be considered a crime. Licastro supports his argument by suggesting ways on how offenders should pay for the graffiti they do to our community. Some ways she suggested the offenders to pay is by clearing off the graffiti, buying their own equipment with their money, and putting a tracking device on them. His purpose is to make people see that graffiti is just like any other crime in order to have a harder punishment for

One’s behavior and thought can be changed by the environment that surrounds him or her, and in a good environment, people will gradually improve, but in a harsh environment, people will be influenced negatively. Gladwell introduces the Broken Windows Theory in his essay; he explains how broken windows will have a bad impression on one’s thought, which will end up more cracking windows. Gladwell explains “The criminal is actually someone acutely sensitive to his environment, who is alert to all kinds of cues, and who is promoted to commit crimes based on his perception of the world around him” (P156) According to Gladwell, a person’s character does not stay the same at all time. The surroundings are more influential and powerful regarding to

Public shaming is an alternative to incarceration because it is an act of specific deterrence, in that an individual would be deterred from committing the crime again due to being humiliated. Home confinement and electronic monitoring are another possible alternative to incarceration. Home confinement reduces the cost of housing the specific individual in state and federal prisons. Electronic monitoring would allow the offenders to work while they serve out their time which again, would reduce the prison populations. Boot camps are another option for alternatives to incarceration.

Dealing with sexual offenders is not always an easy task to do. Many of the times, the offender will either cooperate or not cooperate. That being said, ATSA has set up a list of regulations that employees should considered. The one I thought were interesting was the fact that motivation inside of the facility and outside is crucial when it comes to the overall treatment of the offender (“ATSA Practice Guidelines and Ethics Order Form,” 2015). If, for example, the treatment is neglectful from the inside of the facility and no support is given by those at home, there’s a high chance that the offender will become an habitual criminal.

7). Such an idea is evident in Western Australia when mandatory sentencing laws, types of laws within determinate sentencing, were introduced and ultimately, reduced crime. The state government claimed that downward trends in car theft and juvenile convictions were due to the deterrent effects of the determinate sentencing legislation (Roche 2009, p. 4). However, leniency on women’s punishment may undermine efforts of determinate sentencing to deter crime. Mitigating factors are taken into account, which allows for judges to lower their sentence and prevents the power of certainty of sentencing to discourage crime.

Within incapacitation, the general population may be deterred when this theory is implemented being that it imprisons offenders by physically removing them from the society when a criminal offense is committed. This punishment could possibly deter individuals because if someone knows they will be imprisoned for a crime that they’ve committed then that could possibly be deterred away from that crime. For those who are not affected and continue to reoffend, to deter them just desert or retribution should be applied. The implementation of what we know today as “an eye for an eye” could help decrease the recidivism rate. Deterrence can be gained through just desert/retribution; individuals may be deterred after if our correctional system takes on a just desert mindset of for “stubborn offenders”.