Routine Activities Theory Research Paper
CHAPTER 11. HOT SPOTS, CPTED, & SCP
Routine Activities Theory
Different lifestyles equate to different risks of being victimized (Vold et al., 2002). The spatial and temporal characteristics of each person’s normal, legal, and daily activities, known as routine activities, affect the amount and type of illegal activities that the person is exposed to in certain areas (Akers and Sellers, 2009; Cohen and Felson, 2004). For example, if there are a lot of people congregated in a certain spot, such as inside a home, that spot will be less attractive to criminals. On the other hand, if a person is alone in a dark alley, that individual becomes more attractive to criminals.
Cohen and Felson (2004) considered the variables of place, time,
…show more content…
Department of Justice, n.d.). One way to reduce crime is to reduce the anticipated rewards. This can be achieved by a) removing the target, such as by removing the jewelry from under the counter after hours, b) identifying the property, such as by marking products with identification numbers, c) reducing temptation, such as by using gender-neutral telephone lists, and d) denying the benefits, such as by requiring a security code for a car radio to work. A second way to reduce crime using SCP and CPTED is to increase the perceived effort. This can be accomplished by a) hardening the target, such as by using unbreakable glass and slug rejector devices, b) controlling access to the area, such as by using parking lot barriers and fences, c) deflecting offenders, such as by closing off certain streets and by strategically relocating bus stops, and d) controlling the facilitators, such as by using caller ID and credit cards with photographs on them. Finally, a third way to reduce crime using SCP and CPTED is to increase the perceived risks. This can be accomplished by a) screening the entry/exit points, such as by using automatic ticket gates and merchandise tags, b) using formal surveillance, such as by using burglar alarms and security guards, c) using employee surveillance, such as by using closed-circuit televisions and parking attendants, and d) using natural surveillance, such as by using street
Analyzing The Roots Of Saul Indian Horse
1167 Words | 5 PagesRoutine activity theory provides insights by explaining that a crime requires the presence of a suitable target (Shymko),without such a target, the motivated offender lacks the necessary incentives to commit a crime (Shymko). Motivated offenders consider two primary factors when determining an individual as a suitable target. The first factor is the absence of an effective guardian who can prevent criminal acts. In the absence of one, the likelihood of criminal activity increases significantly (Shymko). Potential offenders are aware that there is no one to hold them accountable or prevent their actions.
Essay On The Resident Officer Program Of Elgin
481 Words | 2 PagesThe Resident Officer Program of Elgin otherwise known as (ROPE) begins in May 1991. Its motivation is to enhance the essence of life for the resident of Elgin, IL. the neighborhood in hoping to deter the crime by assisting neighborhood in making an arrest of a criminal. A pilot planned was put in place by assigning three officers in a high-crime area.
Elements Of The US-Mexico Border
1483 Words | 6 PagesU.S.-Mexico Border: Using Military Forces With the advent of the 20th century and technological advances, criminals have found newer and more complicated ways to commit crimes. Compounding the problem is the advent of the digital age, which introduces the internet and cyberspace. These two technologies alone provide boundless avenues for committing illegal activities within the criminal element of the population. From time, immemorial, criminals have been a part of the fabric of every society and come from every walk of life.
Activity Gap Research Paper
742 Words | 3 PagesMost people need to have a chance of privilege to be introduce them to something that would change their life. Knowing someone or having a friend can create an opportunity to better a circumstance is luck and Michael was definitely one of the luckier ones. “ I never called it physics I always called it The PHY because abbreviations and nicknames make everything sound cooler. My interest in physics was immediate. The first thing we talked about was Supreme Scream at Six Flags.
Racial Profiling Methods
262 Words | 2 PagesThis approach also proves to be successful in decreasing crime. Scott stringer writer of The Policy of Stop-and-Frisk Targets
Victor Rios Theory
454 Words | 2 PagesRios discusses how the methods of social control have changed over the last twenty to thirty years. During the observations, he conducted social and crime control. Crime control is a method to reduce crime in a society. He enforced crime control throughout the city, schools, and at the community centers, to help solve problems, and to prevent criminal activity on a daily basis. There was a situation that had occurred in a neighborhood in Oakland, California.
Environmental Crime Prevention
1356 Words | 6 PagesFirst, when CPTED is properly applied the environment speaks out to the offender in terms of physical opportunities (Parnaby, 2006). Having a fence separating a front yard from a back yard may prevent an offender from attempting to jump over. Next, Paranby (2006) states “the effects of CPTED are also experienced on a level that is, in a sense, more social than environmental” (p.10). When CPTED is recognized, it encourages and assists property owners to understand how property management can establish a safer lot. Using this as a defensive technique is believed to emerge with a sense of territoriality whereby residents want to show more care knowing it will protect their property (Paranby, 2006).
How The FBI Uniform Crime Report Compared With The National Crime Victimization
841 Words | 4 PagesConsidering the FBI Uniform Crime Report and the National Crime Victimization Survey Introduction Crime rates of America have pushed its Government to turn to recording of detailed crime history for its further analysis. Though there are two main programs designed for crime uncovering, that is, the FBI Uniform Crime Report and the National Crime Victimization Survey, recent amounts of crime suggest some weaknesses of methods used by them. This paper will consider disadvantages of both programs and on their grounds will suppose the most valuable for criminologists to use as a crime measuring device. Criticism of the FBI Uniform Crime Report The FBI Uniform Crime Report has some disadvantages in comparison with the National Crime Victimization
Scarver's Criminal Behavior Theory
1206 Words | 5 PagesWithin the past couple of decades, criminologists have developed different criminological theories that apply to the social behaviors and decisions of criminals. One of the earliest theories developed regarding criminality is the rational choice theory, in which describes the rationalization of determining if the rewards from committing the crime outweigh the consequences. In Scarver’s case, his decision to engage in criminal activities outweighed the potential consequences, or the other alternatives if he did not engage in such criminal activities. In addition to the rational choice theory, Scarver’s criminality can be related to the social disorganization theory, which describes the influence of one’s social and physical environment on one’s decision to commit a crime. Lastly, the strain theory can be related to Scarver’s criminality as well, as it is used to describe an individual who lacks the means to obtain such goals, and aspirations, so therefore, he or she engages in criminal activities to acquire the goals.
Theories Of Criminology Theory
1457 Words | 6 PagesIt does not consider other factors such as criminal associations, individual traits, and inner strains, which plays a significant role in determining punishment for the individuals in committing crimes. It is observed that this theory endeavours to know that whether the activities of crime as well as the victim’s choice, criminals commit the activities on start from rational decisions. The theory also determines that criminals consider different elements before committing crime. They engage in the exchange of ideas before reaching on any final decision. These elements consist of consequences of their crimes, which include revealing their families to problems or death, chances of being arrested, and others elements, which comprises of placement of surveillance systems (Walsh & Hemmens, 2010; Lichbach,
Police Operational Strategies
1267 Words | 6 PagesIt is used to deter people from committing criminal behavior, interrupt crimes that are in the process of being committed, and position police officers in positions for a fast response
Shared Activity Questionnaire Analysis
253 Words | 2 PagesThe Shared Activity Questionnaire (SAQ) is an experimental scale developed to assess willingness of children to engage in certain activities with a target child (Morgan, Walker, Bieberich, & Bell, 1996, as cited in Bell & Morgan, 2000). The original SAQ includes 24 items, estimated to be at the Year 2 to Year 3 reading and comprehension level, covering three broad activity areas: General Social (e.g., “Eat lunch next to them at school”), Academic (e.g., “Study spellings with them in class”), and Active Recreational (e.g., “Go to the movies with them”). In previous studies, the SAQ was used as survey questionnaire, and the subject was to circle the answer amongst “yes”, “maybe”, and “no”, that shows how he or she feels about sharing each activity
Situational Crime Prevention (RCP) And Rational Choice Theory
1505 Words | 7 PagesSituational crime prevention (SCP) and rational choice theory (RCT), together, provide an insightful explanation as to why people commit crimes and what can be done to deter them. Much of the work done in RCT and SCP was founded by Derek Cornish and Ronald V. Clarke, who wanted to understand the decision-making process of potential offenders and focus on the spatial and situational factors that make such crime possible (Farrell and Hodgkinson, 2015). This paper aims to explore SCP and its relationship to RCT, as well as analyze the works of Keith Hayward and Graham Farrell in their discussion of these ideas. This paper has four objectives: first, the paper will discuss SCP and RCT and explain the link between the two concepts. Second, this paper will examine Hayward 's discussion of RCT, SCP, and cultural criminology.
Lifestyle Exposure Theory
1965 Words | 8 PagesAgain, these factors can include age, race, sex, choice of residents, or even normal daily activities, such as traveling to work or school. This theory emphasizes that criminal victimization follows those who do not use their intelligence and rational thought in the social environments (Lifestyle, 2011). Empirical evidence has shown that risky lifestyle activities, such as drinking, using drugs, and frequenting bars or clubs, may put individuals, particularly women, at a higher risk of victimization (Henson, Wilcox, Reyns, & Cullen,
Von Hentig's Theory Of Victimization
790 Words | 4 PagesLifestyle and routine activities play an important role in how a person becomes a victim.(Burgess, Regehr, & Roberts.2013.pg78-79).Vicitims put themeselves in dangerous situation by involoving in high risk activities. These activities can be club dancing, repeat jogging at the same park, or as simple as take the same route to work everyday. It creates vunerability and subjects to being prey by revealing predictible where abouts. It is argued that past victims are repeat victims but in reference to Hentig gender, sex, intellect, and strength makes you avaliable for victimization whether the individual was a prior victim or not. On the contrary, crime related events which is non-routine activities can be a diaster.
More about Routine Activities Theory Research Paper
Analyzing The Roots Of Saul Indian Horse
1167 Words | 5 PagesEssay On The Resident Officer Program Of Elgin
481 Words | 2 PagesElements Of The US-Mexico Border
1483 Words | 6 PagesActivity Gap Research Paper
742 Words | 3 PagesRacial Profiling Methods
262 Words | 2 PagesVictor Rios Theory
454 Words | 2 PagesEnvironmental Crime Prevention
1356 Words | 6 PagesHow The FBI Uniform Crime Report Compared With The National Crime Victimization
841 Words | 4 PagesScarver's Criminal Behavior Theory
1206 Words | 5 PagesTheories Of Criminology Theory
1457 Words | 6 PagesPolice Operational Strategies
1267 Words | 6 PagesShared Activity Questionnaire Analysis
253 Words | 2 PagesSituational Crime Prevention (RCP) And Rational Choice Theory
1505 Words | 7 PagesLifestyle Exposure Theory
1965 Words | 8 PagesVon Hentig's Theory Of Victimization
790 Words | 4 Pages