Rwanda gained its independence from Belgium on 1st July 1962. Prior to its this colonisation, there were two ethnicities living in Rwanda, ‘the Hutus’ and ‘the Tutsis’. The Hutus were mainly farmers made up most of the population, the Tutsis made up between 15-18% and were mainly involved with cattle rearing. During the period of European colonisation, Belgium took over Rwanda and, on doing so, succeeded in creating a massive divide among these people. The Belgians introduced a European class system of hierarchy to Rwanda – the Tutsis who were already “prominently in the royalty” (however still peasants) were favored by the Belgians (History of the Genocide in Rwanda). Before this simplification of the power structure by Belgium, there had …show more content…
As a result, there were mass killings of Tutsis by the Hutus – leading to a massive wave of refugees fleeing Rwanda, mainly taking refuge in Uganda, Tanzania and Zaire. They were denied entry back into Rwanda by the president Juvenal Habyarimana on the grounds that the country was over populated and there were no opportunities for the refugees economically (Outreach Programme on the Rwanda Genocide and the United Nations). Further problems were created in 1988 when the Tutsis formed a rebel army known as the ‘Rwandese Patriotic Front’ in Uganda. Its aims were to “secure repatriation of Rwandans in exile and to reform the Rwandan government, including political power sharing” (Outreach Programme on the Rwanda Genocide and the United Nations). On 1st October 1990 the Rwandese Patriotic Front, with a force power of 7,000, attacked Rwanda. Due to this attack a policy of propaganda was adopted by the government which, as a result, caused all Tutsis to be labelled as members of the Rwandese Patriotic Front and all Hutus members of opposing parties to be labelled as traitors. This propaganda was spread through the press, media and radio and it created more tension and problems in the country (Outreach Programme on the Rwanda Genocide and the United …show more content…
Camps were set up for former Rwandese soldiers to rearm, these camps were one of the reasons war broke out between Congo and Rwanda in 1996. To this day Rwandese forces are found along the border and continue to attack citizens (Outreach Programme on the Rwanda Genocide and the United Nations). Since then there have been genocide trails for those involved in the mass killings. In conclusion, the European colonisation of Rwanda by Belgium created problems it was unable to solve after the country gained its independence. The makeshift power structure implemented by Belgium created a polarized, racist society which became the perfect framework for a revolution after the country was
I. Document B. Document B contains quotes from Freidrich Fabri’s “Does Germany Need Colonies?” and John Ruskin’s talk at Oxford University both propose that national competition provides partial fuel into African imperialism. A. In John Ruskin’s talk, he states, “This is what England must either do or perish: she must found colonies as fast and as far as possible.”
Poisonwood Bible Super Essay In Barbara Kingsolver’s The Poisonwood Bible, relocating to the Congo has contrasting effects on each character. Facing the grueling elements and the lack of normalcy, these characters both react differently to this change and grow in their own way. Rachel and Leah are two distinctive characters who both exhibit change and growth from their time in the Congo. In addition, as a result of white colonization, the Congo has seen significant changes throughout history.
When Belgium colonized Rwanda in 1916 they split up the people into two classifications, the Hutu and the Tutsi. While there is little actual difference between them the Tutsi were believed to have a higher social status, better job and political voice. The Hutu was the lower class, labor, farming and low social standing. The Hutu eventually took over Rwanda by force in the early 1960s. “When the Belgians chased the Germans out of the territory in 1916 they discovered that two groups of people shared the land.
Tutsis were a group of people forming a minority of the population in Rwanda. As the war begins, the president is assassinated. This assassination is blamed on the Tutsis. In the early stages of the genocide, Paul and his family witness their neighbors getting killed. But Paul keeps peace with his Hutu friends by bribing them with alcohol and money , which kept his family safe.
The people in Rwanda are stuck between a rock and a hard place right now. There are over 1,000 of them in Paul Rusesabagina 's hotel. They are both Hutu and Tutsi refugees. Everyday the refugees live in fear of the Hutu Interahamwe coming to kill everyone of them. The Hutu rebels are committing a mass genocide.
(Government of Canada, 2014) The peacekeeping force helped with mine clearing, refugee settlement and delivering supplies. By april 1994, the Hutus went on a killing massacre against the Tutsi that resulted in over 500,000 deaths. ‘I know there is a God because in Rwanda I shook hands with the devil. I have seen him, I have smelled him and I have touched him.
Before the Europeans entered, the chieftaincy system was such that both Hutus and Tutsis ruled the land. The Belgians, however, simplified the chieftaincy system, reducing its numbers and concentrating power in the hands of the Tutsi. Further, the Belgians oversaw a land reform process in which grazing areas traditionally under the control of the Hutus were seized and given to the Tutsis. In the 1930s, the Belgians introduced large-scale projects in health, education, and agriculture, but mainly for the use and implementation by the Tutsi. As a result, Tutsi supremacy remained, even though these measures did industrialize Rwanda.
Rwanda is composed of three main ethnic groups: Hutu, Tutsi and Twa. Nearly 85% of the population identified as Hutu, making it the majority group in Rwanda. Tutsi comprised 14% of the population and Twa made up
“An in-depth analysis on effects of Imperialism on Rwanda” Nowadays, European countries such as England, France, Germany, Belgium, and many other countries possess a colossal clout throughout the world. It is an impeccable fact that such countries, indeed, have served as a rudiment pivot and step for the world to be advanced to the point where we are since the Industrial Revolution. Such countries, because of it, without a doubt, have a crucial status globally and become the superpower and commercial hub on our planet. On the back side of their gleaming growth, however, there is an invisible part left behind their luminous development: the Imperialism. The term “Imperialism” refers to a policy of extending a country’s authority and political clout by using its military forces and diplomacy.
In the article titled, Rwanda Genocide of 1994, the author begins by introducing the background Rwanda: “The three groups, Tutsi, Hutu, and Twa lived together for centuries. Belgium ruled Rwanda in the 19th century and granted the Tutsi social power over the Hutu. Physical characteristics and ethnic comparison were used by Belgians to classify their differences” (“Rwanda Genocide,” n.d.). For instance, the Belgian colonizers threw the Hutu into agriculturist and other primary jobs which did not earn them enough to support themselves. The Belgians ensured that the Tutsi remained in high government positions.
On the basis of these observations, the missionaries, who first arrived in 1900, formed their ideas about the Rwandan population, developed their missionary strategy, and inspired the political colonial regime that created the administrative structures in the twentieth century. This interpretation of Rwandan society by explorers and missionaries corresponds remarkably well to the popular local mythology found by missionaries, in whom the Tutsi are pictured as excellent, clever, and brilliant, the Hutu as lazy and inattentive, and the Twa as the official jokers. The Hutu majority were seen as native Rwandans, and the Tutsi minority were seen as nonnatives, and thus as intruders. This thinking has also been decisive in identifying Hutu and Tutsi over the course of time in the 1950s, extremist political parties, both Hutu and Tutsi, have explicitly referred to this historical ‘origin’ of Rwandan society. Because the use of racial
Oh what progress we have made in the Congo so far! Words cannot begin to describe all the advantages we gain from this expedition since we first landed in 1885! We are so thankful to have this opportunity! Even so, we must recognize our superiority in industrialization and race as these perks greatly affect our boundaries for imperialism. These perks are so critical in particular, as it provided our Nation with the necessary motives and justifications to colonize the lesser race.
After the genocide, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), political party in Rwanda, established a union with a Hutu president and a Tutsi vice president. The United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) provided peace process and relief in the aftermath of genocide between Hutus and Tutsis. United to End Genocide describes how twenty-six percent of the population in Rwanda still suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. “In 1994, the United Nations created the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), dedicated to bringing those responsible for the genocide to justice” (United to End
During the second half of the 19th century, Leopold II, King of Belgium, claimed the Congo Basin during the scramble for Africa and attempted to maintain the area for his own profit, resulting in the annihilation of over half of the basin’s population through unspeakable violence and brutality. While the imperialism of the Congo may have been beneficial to Leopold II and Belgium, the impact on the Congo itself was much, much more serious and detrimental, and nothing that either side may have gained can change that. In 1878, King Leopold II of Belgium, after failed attempts of creating colonies in Africa, hired the explorer Henry Stanley to explore the Congo. Then, with the Congo being brought to the attention of Europe, Leopold established
The Hutu-Tutsi dichotomy has long been (and still remains) a major source of instability in the Great Lakes Region. More specifically, in Rwanda memories of the 1994 genocide are still visible in contemporary politics. Building on this, this paper explores the role played by ethnicity during the Rwandan genocide. Addressing this question matters if we are to understand how the current Tutsi-led regime of Paul Kagame (in power since the end of the genocide) plays upon the notion of ‘ethnic reconciliation’ to justify his monopoly of power . Therefore, in answering the question, the paper will argue that ethnicity – here intended as a ‘subjective belief in common descent’ allegedly ‘having genetic foundations’ – deserves careful consideration