Q & A Case Study On Salbutamol

For example, allyl-isopropylacetamide (AIA) and ethinylestradiol. 2. Covalent Binding to Apoprotein: Covalent bonding of few drugs to apoprotein causes covalent modification of protein which results in loss of catalytic activity, only if essential amino acids are modified (Kamel et. al., 2013). For example, chloramphenicol, tienilic acid and cyclopropylamines inhibit CYP enzymes by generating reactive species that modify the protein.

There are many drugs in this class of diuretics discussed in the following table. Each drug has its own characteristics according to side chains.

Butryophenones( eg:-droperidol) and phenothiazines , which block dopamine receptors and exacerbate PD should be avoided. Ondansettron appears safe in preventing and treatment of emesis in patients with PD and is also used in treatment of psychosis induced by long term levodopa therapy. Opioids are more succeptible to produce muscle rigidity in patients with PD. Meperidine should be avoided in a patient taking monoamine oxidase inhibitor becaouse of the potential to produce stupor, rigidity, agitation and hyperthermia. Responses to depolarizing and nondepolarizing muscle relaxants are thought to be normal in PD, despite a single case report of succinylcholine induced

However, these two totally different target receptors can actually be used together. For example, in the case of Asthma. In the respiratory tract, albuterol will stick to the adrenergic receptors so the smooth muscle will relax and expand the airways, also known as bronchodilation. At the same time, the antagonist drugs, ipratropium, attaches to cholinergic receptors and obstruct the attachment of acetylcholine and limit the airways which called bronchoconstriction.

The two most potent classes of antibiotic are the macrolides (azithromycin), and the quinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, trovofloxacin). Other agents that have been shown to be effective include tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Erythromycin, the former antibiotic of choice, has been replaced by more potent and less toxic antibiotics. There are three major classes of antibiotics that are effective in treating legionellosis. These include the fluoroquinolones such as levofloxacin (Levaquin), and moxifloxacin (Avelox), the macrolides such as erythromycin, azithromyocin (Zithromax), and clarithromycin (Biaxin), and the tetracyclines including doxycycline (Vibramycin).

Disease modifying action in Parkinson’s disease. Prolongs levodopa action Useful in wearing off events and motor fluctuations Increases t1/2 of levodopa Increases the availability of levodopa in CNS Useful in advanced cases of Parkinson’s disease Useful in on-off phenomenon Mechanism Intracerebral degradation of dopamine is retarded by inhibition of MAO-B Inhibits metabolism of levodopa by COMT Drug Name MAO-B (Monoamine oxidase B) inhibitors Selegiline Rasagiline COMT (Catecholamine o-methyl transferse) inhibitors Entacapone, Tolcapone Sr No 5.

Antioxidant can be defined as forms of molecules that help to maintain the body’s chemical reactions. They assist in preventing excessive activity of free radical molecules. Free radicals are molecules that are very reactive;

They also serve as carriers for molecules of low water solubility this way isolating their hydrophobic nature, including lipid soluble hormones, bile salts, unconjugated bilirubin, free fatty acids (apoprotein), calcium, ions (transferrin), and some drugs like warfarin, phenobutazone, clofibrate & phenytoin. For this reason, it's sometimes referred as a molecular "taxi". Competition between drugs for albumin binding sites may cause drug interaction by increasing the free fraction of one of the drugs, thereby affecting

Dosage for Fluoxetine is 20 mg once daily which can be increased upto 80mg in two divided doses. Sertraline is started as 50mg once daily and increased upto 200mg/day. Atypical antidepressant like trazodone selectively blocks 5HT reuptake and has

- Unlike the other penicillins, Flucloxacillin has an acitivity against

One example is blocking neuronal transporter (NET), thus blocking the uptake of amines by nerve terminals, by competition for the binding site of the amine transporter. This raises the level of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft, increasing CNS activity. Morphine: In the nociceptive neurons pathway, opioid drug or also called opiates.

It is mainly used to treat or prevent bronchospasm in people with reversible obstructive airway disease. 2. Beclamethasone is a steroid. It prevents the release of substance in the body that because inflammation. Beclomethasone inhalation is used to prevent asthma attacks, which is probably why he was prescribed to it since he has respiratory issues.

The four types of antidepressant medications that are the most common. These medications are Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs), Atypical Antidepressants, and Tricyclic Antidepressants. Each has similar side effects, while others have different effects on the human body. The first main type of antidepressant is Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) which job is to ease depression by affecting the chemical messengers, which are used to interconnect between all the brain cells.

Binding of albuterol to beta (2)-receptors in the lungs results in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles. It is believed that salbutamol increases cAMP production by activating adenylate cyclase, and the actions of salbutamol are mediated by cAMP. Increased intracellular cyclic AMP increases the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, which inhibits the phosphorylation of myosin and lowers intracellular calcium concentrations. A lowered intracellular calcium concentration leads to a smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation. In addition to bronchodilation, salbutamol inhibits the release of

Temporal lobe epilepsy is known to being resistant to medication, which is why current research is investigating how G- proteins can become activated by the mu opioid receptor selective peptide (DAMGO) and nociception (Temp Lobe G). Another aspect examined is the binding to mu and nociception (NOP) receptors and adenylyl cyclase (AC) in the neocortex, which is the region of the brain associated with temporal lobe epilepsy (Temp). By comparing the levels of [3H]DAMGO binding and stimulation, it was concluded that epileptics with temporal lobe seizure were found to have changes in the mu opioid and NOP receptor binding and, also, the downstream receptors were found to have alterations in their signal transduction mechanisms