Sacramento River Write-Up

Those chemicals produced acid that eat up the dirt barrier and eventually burst and contaminated the River. Heavy metals like cadmium, zinc, copper, manganese, iron, lead, arsenic, beryllium, mercury, and aluminum were sent flowing through the Animas River contaminating the land as the yellow water flowed downstream. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had been monitoring the site and had contracted the cleanup to some private firm. The river has been know to have this chemicals in the water

To understand how the morphology of the river changed you have to look

Also, there are cut banks where larger sediments are eroded due to the stronger currents. The Missoula flood was caused by deglaciation of glacial lake Missoula at the end of the previous ice age when the dams broke. It flooded Eastern Washington, specifically where the Spokane river is located. Glacial outburst flood deposits dumped much gravel and eroded basalt rocks into what we see today, such as the Bowl and the Pitcher.

After an investigation was done, they decided there was oily debris that became trapped underneath two wooden trestles, which is the rigid support frames, under the bridge. There have been 13 known fires that have happened. It was the Cleveland Mayor Carl Stokes that led the efforts in resolving the issue of land pollution. Mayor

Occurring in Canada as well, the algal bloom in Lake Erie of 2011 and once again last year in 2015 (Scott Sutherland, 2015) this issue is recurring throughout the years, gradually worsening. Canada and America share many similarities, algal blooms affected by temperature (National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 2016) states that the temperature in the regions are incredibly similar being able to force the same hazards. Just as Canada has, the temperature of the United States of America has increased by roughly 0.65-1.1 °C since 1895 (John Walsh et al., 2014), however, most of this rise occurred during and since the 1970s, the main period when industrialization began. Though it is lower than Canada’s 1.6 °C escalation, it is still an immense change in temperature if the effects were considered. In terms of GHG emissions, America has always been above Canada.

Ismail Serageldin has been one of the most important voices calling for attention to the issues of water throughout the last decade. In August 1995 he warned that "if the wars of this century were fought over oil, the wars of the next century will be fought over water unless we change our approach to managing this precious and vital resource". The Colorado River starts in the rocky mountain national park along the jagged edge of the continental divide, the river flows and tumbles through 1,450 miles of mountains, canyons, and low deserts on its journey to the Sea of Cortez in Mexico. The entire southwest United States completely depends on the Colorado River. Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Wyoming and California.

The water carried the debris through the Sacramento Valley, the Delta, and the San Francisco Bay. Rivers, clogged with sediment, would overflow into the floodplains of the lowland. Floods were destructive for the environment and for residents especially in the Central Valley. Recognizing the importance of managing the water levels, residents along the river attempted to build levees. These levees proved ineffective in solving the flooding problem.

They also include the replacement of undersized structures such as bridges. These works are necessary, as the original channels have become undersized as a result of the increase in flood flows caused by development. Flash flood also can be overcome with storage ponds of flood attenuation. Ponds such as disused mining pools can be used for flood storage. The objective is to divert the flood water through such ponds and thus regulate the outflow so that the flood peaks are attenuated.

Compared to the rural river water, and urban river water was polluted more seriously, urbanization and urban activities had a significant negative impact on the river water quality (Ouyang, et al., 2006 .).Additionally the rapid urbanization caused a series of changes to the river systems and brought about water degradation in the tuna region in china (Deng, et al., 2015). A practical feature of the urbanization process, including the release of domestic sewage and others in water resources causes changes that may impair the

When it rains, the water will flow from the hills to the lower area and then stagnant. Eventually the water will increase and flash floods will occur. 2.8.3 River Erosion River

The fluvial process uncovered sites, but they also buried many. As water rose up, debris was moved from the top of the river all the way down

The clays and poorly consolidated rock make the badlands easily eroded (Graham, 2008). The Badlands National Park was formed from the deposition of these poorly consolidated rocks. After the rocks were deposited they experience a lot of erosion, and the erosion is what shaped the badlands into what we see today. In The Badlands National park you can see the Pierre Shale, the Chadron Formation, and the Brule Formation (). Within the Brule Formation there is a red paleosol layer ().

Finally, the sea level rise and flooding is a big problem people-wise. Flooding causes millions in damage that sometimes cannot be reversed. Flooding is encouraged by climate change because of the increase in moisture trapped in the air, and rain happening earlier in the year and falling on still frozen ground. Houses being destroyed by increased water also leave people homeless and cost a lot to fix. Climate change will cause more natural disasters such as flooding, tornadoes and

On February 26, 1972 the Buffalo creek community was destroyed by a terrible flood. The flood caused many tears, pain and death. In the blink of an eye, people’s lives completely changed; lives were lost, houses were gone and families were destroyed. Buffalo Creek is one of the mountain hollows in West Virginia on the edge of the Appalachians, near the Guyandotte River. The land used to grow warm green grass, but overtime the land became a dark place with debris from mine operation spills.

The Great Midwest Flood of 1993 The natural disaster that is known as flooding has inflicted great damage on the United States for 100s of years. In terms of natural disasters, flooding causes the most damage by far. Studies conducted by the U.S. Geological has determined that flooding causes an average of well over $6 billion of damage to property and is the reason that more Presidential Disaster Declarations per year are ordered. According to FEMA (2017) from May through September of 1993, major and/or record flooding occurred across North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, and Illinois.