The target population of my research study are women. According to DeSantis, Ma, Bryan, & Jemal, (2014), the risk of breast cancer is more likely to occur in women as compared to men. The primary reason why women are more susceptible to breast cancer is that they have breast cells which are more exposed to the female hormones progesterone and estrogen. These hormones are arguably linked to the risk of breast cancer, and they increase breast cancer growth. The sampling frame of my research study will involve the list of things I will draw from the samples. In determining my sampling frame, I would ensure that the sampling frame is sufficient for all my research needs. Therefore, a reasonable sampling frame for my research about the risks of …show more content…
Determining of the sample size is a crucial issue as the samples which are large can waste time, money and resources. Conversely, the examples that are very small can lead to inaccurate outcomes (Button et al., 2013). The sample size of the targeted population determines how well the targeted population gets represented. One of the merits of systematic sampling method is that the routine samples are easy to construct, compare, execute and understand. The process greatly helps my research study since it operates on a tight budget. Additionally, the systematic approach offers the researchers and the statisticians with a level of control and a sense of process (Kalton, 2014). Therefore, it is precisely beneficial for the studies with a narrowly established hypothesis. The systematic sampling technique normally makes sure that there are high levels of representativeness; hence it does not require usage of a table representing random numbers. The other merit of systematic sampling is that in a clustered selection, a situation where the randomly chosen samples are not close together in the population, it is typically eliminated by the approach of systematic sampling. Another merit of routine sampling is that it has the low-risk …show more content…
Results that will be obtained from the study because of selection bias will not be generalized to a general populace. The usefulness and generalizability of research findings will be affected by the choice of the study population. This is because it is impossible to study the whole population of interest given the time frame of this research. Tripepi et al. (2010) notes that a selection bias arises from any error in selecting the study population and/or from factors impacting the study participation. Participation in this research will be voluntary, and this could lead to self-selection bias. As Tripepi et al. (2010) notes, variances might exist between volunteers and those who refuse to take part and this can result to volunteers been not the representatives of a given study
The authors also use statistics which shows they have done their research. This allows the audience to believe this article is a reliable
c. A researcher is planning to analyze the effect of multiple strategies to teach fractions to 6th – graders in Happy Valley School District. She assigns each 6th – grader a number and uses a random number generator to select students for each of her research groups. Ans. Systematic Sampling because she assigns a random nth number to select students for each of her research groups.
There are a few factors that need to be taken into account when deciding the size of your sample. First, you need to think about the absolute sample size rather than the relative. The larger the sample size, the more likely the sample is to have precision in the findings. Thinking about the size of sample error you are willing to tolerate is also important when figuring out the size of sample needed. The smaller the sample error that is tolerated, the bigger the sample needs to be.
This study would have a broad variety of participants that are 21 and over. c. This study will have conditions where the participants are free to make choices of their own. Participants will understand the reason for the study and one hopes to learn when conducting the study. VII.
b. What are the exposure(s), disease/outcome, and population? (3 points) • The exposure(s) are health risk behaviors, stress and weight status as the outcomes, and Community College Students as the population. 6. Sample: a. Who was included in the sample (study population)? (1 point)
Research to date, however, casts doubt on the validity of
Besides, the researchers found out that people who do not
Voluntary participation, free from coercion Participating in the study is completely voluntary and as such no payment will be issued although payment for expenses may be
Proper sample size was used and the trial duration was long enough to capture the characteristics of
A purposeful sampling will give a sufficient number of participants to the survey. The optimum of some sampling designs, going to be favorable, such as convenience sampling referring to a strategy that uses the most easily accessible people to participate in a study and snowball sampling which participants give the researcher referrals to other individuals who fit the study criteria (Mertens, 2015). Snowball samples are usually used to investigate groups that have some unique, rare, or unusual quality and groups in which members know each other through an organization or common experience. Am aware that snowball samples cannot be generalized to the population because they are not selected randomly, but the aim of the survey is to prepare a background for further researches. Sometimes incentives (e.g., alms/ offering to the community centers
Because of this, I am going to use purposive sampling methods in choosing my subjects for the study. Purposive sampling is a form of non-probability sampling where samples are selected on the basis of knowledge of the population, its elements, and the nature of the research aims. Purposive sampling is great in that it provides with a large range of techniques. One of the key benefits of this sampling method is the ability to gather large amounts of information by using many techniques, such as, homogenous sampling, expert sampling, critical case sampling, etc. The main disadvantage of purposive sampling is the greater chance of researcher bias, as each sampling is based entirely on the judgment of the researcher, who is essentially trying to prove a specific point.
Figure? Mixed Methods design for the study Sampling and sample size Study population and sampling Data collection Pilot testing Data analysis Table ??? Characteristics of participating
If this was the case, then the results may lead to the false conclusion that people believe that spaced studying is more beneficial than massed studying and that people will use this technique in an idealistic setting. This can limit the generalizability of the results. To avoid this, it would be beneficial to use a naturalistic observation method so that researchers can actually observe people and their choice of studying method (Susser & McCabe, 2012). Another weakness of this study is that mostly females were used in the sample of participants. This can limit the generalizability of the findings because females may study differently than men.
Non-probability Sampling Method: Sampling method that require the conductor to choose a subset of population they are interested in researching. This can be seen from the simulation Ramada did, during the “Grand Hotel Opening” they asked their employees, this includes staffs and management, some people from headquarters and the property owners. These are the people they are interested in and they are the people that Ramada wants to do research on. This sampling method is appropriate because it focuses on the population the researches interested in studying. It is more necessary rather than conducting the research on the customer, they instead focus on their own management to improve their inside quality.
One of the main ethical concerns to be addressed when conducting research is that participants have to be clearly informed about “the purpose, aims, use of results, and likely consequences of the study” (Stringer, 2013 p. 89); in other words, it is vital to obtain the informed consent of participants. In AR, where more control is given to the participants than in other forms of research, consent is a form of agreement between the participants and the researcher (ibid, p. 90). The researcher needs to inform the participants explicitly about all the research activities and participants should be to continue to ask questions during and after the AR project has been completed. Participants should feel entirely free to decline participation in the project, and it is the researcher's duty to explain that their willingness or refusal to participate will not affect their academic achievement in any way. The same conditions should be in place for continuing involvement, where participants should be aware that they are free to withdraw from the study at any given time.