Theory suggests that, even though the firm itself is a great source of knowledge used for innovation, few organizations can generate all the knowledge internally and many rely on external sources (Song, Almeida, & Wu, 2001). In theory, a company can seek external knowledge from various stakeholders: suppliers, clients, external consultants or universities and governmental agencies or even competitors. However, since in many cases, knowledge is tacit by nature and embedded into firms, it is often a difficult task to acquire that kind of knowledge. Mowery et al. (1998) point out that strategic alliances and merges and acquisitions may be used in order to develop firm’s technological capabilities externally. Some scholars indicate the advantages …show more content…
The degree of technological similarity between current and previous firm of an engineer may matter a lot when it comes to understanding possible level of interfirm knowledge transfer. On the one hand, Mowery et al. (1998) suggest that two firms with significant technological overlap have not much to learn from each other. Therefore, if two firms are technologically more distant from each other, it might mean that a hiring firm can get a drastically new knowledge, which is the case in our research. Hardware-centered consumer electronics companies may appreciate inventor’s knowledge from software-centered companies since the former totally lacking of the capabilities of the latter and will be having more incentives to learn about the technologies, which were untapped …show more content…
The level of knowledge gained from hired engineer’s previous firm increases at first and then decreases as the technological overlap between hiring and engineer’s previous firm increases. Team effects on knowledge acquisition and learning-by-hiring. Knowledge-intensive work is often organized around project teams. Teamwork setting at the workplace, characterised by proximity and frequent interaction, facilitates transfer of tacit knowledge among team members, which is not the case for relatively more indepent working employees. Weick and Roberts (1993) showed that colleagues who work in teams that require seamless integration of their knowledge and skills develop a "collective mind". Teamwork allows bringing together colleagues with different but related areas of expertise for exchanging information they would not otherwise encounter that will facilitate innovation process and production of complex knowledge (Galbraith, 1977). HYPOTHESIS 2A. Employing a team of engineers increases production of knowledge spillovers (compared with knowledge spillovers produced by an individual engineer). If digging deeper into the subject, in case when an engineer moves from one company to another, he will likely lose the firm-specific knowledge coming from close collaboration with his colleagues (Becker,
The two most important and most prominent ways that they do is through joint-ventures and acquisitions
To help overcome this technology transfer problem, Congress added a monetary incentive for the inventor. In the statute, Congress made it a requirement to give a percentage of the royalty that resulted from the licensing of the invention to the inventor for his personal and his laboratory’s benefit. By giving the inventor a share of the royalty for the licensing fees, Congress believed that this would incentivizes the inventor to help with the transfer of the technology. This has had some influence on the inventor but Congress through its incentives for technology transfer has inadvertently caused the universities to establish Technology Transfer Offices (TTO’s) which help academics “exploit knowledge-based business ideas” and lower barriers
Peter Elbow presents the believing game and the doubting game in “The Believing Game-Methodological Believing.” He states that, the doubting game represents a form of thinking that is mostly recognize and taught. The doubting game intention is to be skeptical and analytical with every idea that one experiences. On the other hand, the believing game principle is to embrace as much as possible every idea one experiences, by actually trying to believe different views. He believes that both the doubting game and believing game has weaknesses.
Moreover, this concept constitutes the base for defining the four stages in the knowledge creation process: socialization; the process that transfers tacit knowledge from one person to tacit knowledge in another person, externalization; the process for making tacit knowledge explicit among individuals within a group, combination; the knowledge transfer once knowledge is explicit, finally, internalization; the process of understanding and absorbing explicit knowledge into tacit knowledge held by the individual (Googlecom, 2018). So, for the sake of this investigation, it shall focus on whether in the initial stage: socialization, both consensus and disagreements are required for robust
Introduction Re-invention and targeted approach towards achieving competitive advantage were the key strategic actions taken to make Trader Joe’s (TJ) from a glorified regional convenience store to a nationwide specialty retailer, and that might just be the most important thing in the supermarket business. The footprint of this success lies in the efficient utilization of the company’s resources and their unique capacity to deploy its resource and capabilities(BB835). The result of such unique circumstances helped TJ to stay far ahead of its competitors in terms of customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. This TMA proposes that, through a company’s resources and capabilities TJ managed to imitate Key Success Factors (KSF) that created value,
Teams can create solutions to problems in shorter time than individuals can do on their own. A team’s ability to see the solution through its implementation with collaboration is critical for success. This increases quality of a product to negate problems as they occur (Kokemuller, 2010). Communication between team members increase allowing more understanding and ideas to emerge. Relationships are built giving team members a sense of purpose and the ability to communicate more freely.
LEARNER’S NAME: EMMANUEL DIBIAGWU ASSIGNMENT 2 UNDERSTAND HOW TO DEVELOP AND MAINTAIN EFFECTIVE WORKING RELATIONSHIPS 1.1 Explain the benefits of effective working relationships in developing and maintaining the team (20 marks) The benefits of effective working relationship in developing a team include the following: Improved Morale Good working relationships in teams help to improve the morale of team members. When there is effective working relationship among employees as well as managers, the employees feel that they are respected, and their voice are heard, thereby fostering an enabling workplace full of energy and overall happiness. Effective working relationship between employees enables them to support each other when improvement is called for and helps to develop their esteem.
Blanchard et al. (2007) has suggested that the reason for this approach is that the world of business is rapidly evolving and that the work required of organisations is constantly changing and become more complex. Therefore many organisations prefer to have a team of multiple people to cope with demands of change and to support the level of knowledge required.
Team Analysis Paper: According to Group Dynamics of a Team Hiqmat Damilola Bello Western Kentucky University Overview of the team A team can be defined as the group of people that come together with a set of skills in order to execute a task or accomplish a goal. "A team is a number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they are mutually accountable." (Katzenbach and Smith, 1993) as stated in Levi, (2011) p 5. (Haynes, 1997) as stated in Levi, (2011) p 4 in her definition of teams stated that in order for teams to function effectively it must be given some freedom, authority and control over the tasks.
Question 1 Several factors have been proposed as providing a rationale for mergers. Among the more prominent ones are (I) tax considerations, (2) diversification, (3) control, (4) purchase of assets below replacement cost, and (5) synergy. From the standpoint of society, which of these reasons are justifiable? Which are not?
1. Introduction This case study explained how Google embarked on Project Aristotle to study about their teams so as to determine what made a successful team. In managing the complex organisational environments in Google, managers were faced with a lack of mutual communication within the senior engineer’s team.
The construction industry recently dominated many changes due to the advancement of technology, the industry needs to work collaboratively and pool knowledge in order to capture innovation. It 's a typical dilemma in the construction industry: how to "capture" knowledge and transfer it from one occupation to another, where there will be innovation among the talented personnel. Constructing Excellence, however, has concocted an inventive 'ground-up ' method for boosting R&D and innovation. The construction process of today is in need of improvement.
Knowledge can either be generated within firms, or accessed externally that is knowledge flows may viewed as intra-firm or inter-firm. As it turns out, these two ways of building knowledge have been used as foundation for at least two sets of
2.6 Tasks Usually my work starts at 8:30 every morning and ends around 5:30 pm. Usually I will go to work by taxi or Light rail transit which is more convenient than driving a car in heavy traffic. I always check my emails when I get to work and reply them immediately. When I am at my desk I usually works on the computer most of the time. Besides that, my main duties and responsibility include Human Resource filing and database.
Research Questions From the literature review, it was established that there were several factors affecting language learning and acquisition. More specifically, it was revealed that factors such as exposure at an early age, motivation, attitudes, incentives and educational system can influence language acquisition. However, most of the research were conducted in the west and were focused on students as subjects to the study and foreigners working in the country where they need to learn the language to lengthen their range of employment opportunity.