Scott Hughes's Two Concepts Of Liberty

The AHA’s discussion of dialogue and truth connect to the ethical theory of Kantianism. Kantianism is a form of Deontology that provides us with the Universal Law Formula and the Humanity as an End in Itself Formula. The Universal Law Formula says that we should treat others in the way that we expect others to treat us. The Humanity as an End in Itself Formula explains that humans should never be used as a means to an end or we should simply respect humans. Through these formulas come the idea of imperfect and perfect duties.

The philosopher chastises the idea of beginning moral judgment with empirical scrutiny. The last part is intended to explain that people have a free will, hence they are able to establish their moral compass and consider an acceptable form of

Evaluating the morality within ourselves they evaluate morality on the principle of what is wrong or right. As equally

In "Human Freedom and the Self", Roderick Chisholm has taken a libertarian approach on the issue of free will and determinism. Libertarians believe that humans have free will and make a distinction that free will and determinism are incompatible. Chisholm has the same opinion. On the problem of human freedom, Chisholm thinks that “Human beings are responsible agents; but this fact appears to conflict with a deterministic view of human action (the view that every event that is involved in an act is caused by some other event); and it also appears to conflict with an indeterministic view of human action (the view that the act, or some event that is essential to the act, is not caused at all).”(Page 3). He does not agree that determinism or indeterminism

Kant 's major work, the Critique of Reason aimed to explains the relationship between reason and human experience Introduction Kant based his ethical theory on three pillars this theory was called a "deontological" theory. These three pillars are connected to Kant 's concept of reason. This essay will discuss the role of reason according to Kant and Kant 's requirement that we must respect others and how reason is tied to autonomy. It will firstly explore reason according to Kant and discuss how

Kant’s notion of freedom connects to morality, which displays contrast between duty and inclination, explaining how only the motive of duty, doing the right thing for the right reason, confers moral worth of an action. Kant believes that everything in nature, including humans, “works in accordance with laws,” that all actions must be appointed by law, The formula of universal law that basically states how you should treat humanity as an end rather than as a means. He says we should only act upon the maxim, a principle that gives a reason for action, without contradiction. Davis claims that law is not always reliable when insuring justice; moreover, Kant can support

According to Kant rationality is the basic need of human being. Kantianism is a part of deontological ethics and is always in contrast of utilitarianism, which emphasizes the consequences. In Kant’s perspective actions are approved or disapproved in and by themselves. Peoples’ rights should never be violated, even if it brings good consequences. Kant discovers hidden principles that govern our beliefs.

Lewis had divided all human beliefs into either materialistic, stating there is absolutely no point to anything and the existence of universe is coincidence or the religious where there is a purpose for everything (C.S. Lewis, 1952, p. 26). In the last chapter this book I, Lewis states that the law of morality shows the weakness of humanity and inclination towards selfishness, immorality, and manipulation, hate, deceit and pride,

The idea behind Kantian Ethics is that doing the right thing is not about the consequences of our actions but rather the principle motivating the action. Actions must be performed out of duty, that is, it is done solely because we have an obligation to perform such action out of respect for the moral law. As explained by Immanuel Kant, “the moral worth of an action done out of duty has its moral worth” (105). Kant argues that to act morally, then, is to “act only on the maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law” (108). Utilitarianism, developed by John Stuart Mill, is one of the most commonly used approaches in making moral decisions.

Deontological ethical theory, is frequently identified with Immanuel Kant, as he believed from his theory of duty, that If something is wrong then it is always wrong. " Deontological ethical theory is an ethical theory that evaluates behavior in terms of adherence to duty or obligation, regardless of consequences" (Mitchell, 2015, p.455).Deontology considers that moral actions are equivalent to abiding by the rules. Basically this assists us in understanding which behaviors are acceptable and which are prohibited. "Deontological theory holds that human beings have a certain duty of action, and doing the right ethical thing means doing our human duty in a given situation" (South University, 2016,week 5).

Paper I – Spring ‘16 What has to be true about our actions for them to be right or wrong? Respond with reference to Kant and Bentham In an episode of the popular 90’s TV-series Friends named “The One Where Phoebe Hates PBS”, the characters Phoebe and Joey engage in a debate over the existence of self-less acts of kindness. Referencing the philosopher Immanuel Kant’s moral theory, Joey, claims that there is no such thing as a “selfless good deed” (“The One Where Phoebe Hates PBS”). Phoebe now sets out to disprove this theory and comes back having allowed a bee to sting her so “he could look cool in front of his friends” (“The One Where Phoebe Hates PBS”).

By definition, freedom is essentially the right to choose ;by action, it is something wanted but not always achieved .Freedom is the oxygen of the soul (Mashe Dayon ) and it seems to be feigned for and more important to those whom freedom is denied. This is shown in both literary works”The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass “and “Why the Caged Bird Sings”. From both of Frederick Douglass and Maya Angelou’s writing it(freedom) is important and longed for ,but how the depravity of it affects the enslaved is where Douglass and Angelou deviate from their similarities. In the piece “The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass” ,Frederick talks about the hardship and toil he’d gone through and spoke mostly upon the effort he put in the search for freedom ,from hiding books for mental freedom and hiding himself `for physical freedom ,HE shows more tenacity than we,who have freedom ourselves who don’t have much limitation and yet do