Scrophularia atropatana extract exerts cytotoxic and apoptotic activities on fibrosarcoma cell line Abstract Several studies established anti-tumor effects of herbal extracts and its ongoing application in cancer treatments. Scrophularia, a genus of the family Scrophulariaceae, has been known as a promising candidate for this purpose. In this study we sought to explore the cytotoxic effects and the cell death mechanism of Scrophularia atropatana extracts. We used MTT assay to measure the cytotoxic activity of the extracts of S. atropatana on the WEHI cell line and L929 as a non-malignant cell line. More assays were employed to determine and confirm its effect through apoptosis induction including: TUNEL assay, DNA fragmentation test, western …show more content…
A voucher specimen (8962) is maintained in the Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical …show more content…
RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal calf serum (FCS), 100 Units/ml penicillin and 100 µg/ml streptomycin was used as the culture medium. Cell Cytotoxicity and Viability analysis The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined by the MTT assay as described previously (Safarzadeh et al.,2017 http://journals.tbzmed.ac.ir/APB/Manuscript/APB-7-381.pdf). WEHI 164 and L929 cell lines were exposed to different concentration (0, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 μg/mL) of n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of S. atropatana for 24, 36 and 48 h. DMSO and Taxol (Paclitaxel) respectively considered as negative and positive control in this assay. Cell viability was determined using the trypan blue exclusion method. Trypan blue was added to the WEHI 164 and L929 cell cultures (in a ratio of 1:1) which already treated with 0, 100, 200 and 300 μg/mL concentration of dichloromethane and methanol extracts of S. atropatana for 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours. Then, cells were examined under the invert microscope. In principle, viable cells exclude trypan blue as an acidic dye and its uptake indicates an irretrievable membrane damage leading to cell
After lawn inoculating a Meuller Hinton plate and placing the samples of medication, the plate was then incubated for one week at 37 degrees Celsius. The first medication choice was Trimethoprim, this produced a zone of inhibition of 16mm, therefore being sensitive to the bacteria. Antibiotic number two was nalidixic acid, this too, has a zone of inhibition of 16mm but is considered intermediate. The next antibiotic was erythromycin which produced a zone of inhibition of zero and was therefore resistant. The last antibiotic that was chosen to be used in the experiment was ciprofloxacin.
• This book is about finding medicinal plants in the Amazon Rainforest to cure common diseases. • Sometimes, Western medicines cannot cure the common diseases. • This book was written by Mark Plotkin and it was published in 1993. • Mark Plotkin travels to different parts of the rainforest and collect several medicinal plants for a research experiment. •
Teeghan Guess Ms. Delong February 7, 2018 Practical Law Cyntoia Brown Cyntoia Brown, a sixteen year old accused of first degree murder has an interesting past, but does that justify her wrongdoing? Cyntoia’s biological mother had Cyntoia at sixteen and was no ready to be a mother. Her mom struggled with alcoholism, drug addiction, and even prostitution. So her mother gave Cyntoia to Ellenette Brown who would be Cyntoia’s adoptive mother. As Cyntoia got older she began to have control issues, became manipulative, and was very possessive of her adoptive mother Ellenette.
In recent readings about Cyntoia Brown, who according to Willingham, previously was a victim of human sex trafficking, is now serving a life sentence for murder. The source reports that Brown suffered from Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, grew up in an abusive home and ran away from her adoptive parent’s house prior to becoming involved in prostitution in Nashville. She was staying with different people and using drugs and alcohol. As a runaway, she then met a 24-year-old pimp named "Cut Throat," who eventually began physically and sexually abusing her, and forced her into prostitution according to Willingham. The article states that on August 7, 2004, Brown testified she was solicited for sex by 43-year-old Johnny Mitchell Allan, who picked her up near a Sonic parking lot and drove her back to his house.
Something I learned about in Herbology 301 is healing. Healing is an important part of our life, which is why i wanted to write about it. Healing spells are needed in everyday life, and if we were to ask someone how many healing spells they 've used in their lifetime, the number would probably be too high to remember. I also learned that mental illnesses are not one-spell-cure-all diseases, which is very helpful to know.
It’s a widely held myth that University of Florida entomologists introduced Plecia nearctica into Florida as means to control insect population however, love bugs, as this species is more commonly known as, actually migrated across the Gulf Coast from Mexico through human activities. Despite the humorous implications of the common name, given because of their ability to copulate while in flight for hours, it does not emphasize the controversy that surrounds its invasive appearance in the Southern states of America. These states found that the species was detrimental to the abiotic environment initially but as it turns out, with time, the species adapted to actually become helpful to the biotic environment. What was initially seen as a nuisance became an integral part of the agricultural ecosystem despite it being an unintended consequence through increased human activities. The ecological effects of Plecia nearctica start with its evolution and adaptation to the Southern states in America and
AZUCUS Ranch is a ranch in Vicksburg, MS where I ride horses. I have been riding there for many years, ever since I could walk. There are other riders there that have been there as long as I have. There are also some riders that have just started riding there. When the riders get done riding, it is their duty to take care of their horse, meaning they have to untack their horse, wash them off, put them in either a pasture or a stall, then depending on where they put them, they must feed them.
In the story Scat, the characters Nick Waters and Marta Gonzalez are doing everything in their might to try and find Mrs. Starch, their biology teacher who disappeared. However, when they meet up with Mrs. Starch for the first time in the Black Vine Swamp, they realize that she is caring for a panther cub. From then on, Nick, Marta, Mrs. Starch, and Twilly Spree try to protect the Black Vine Swamp. In Scat, there were three main ways in which these people got motivated to take action to save the environment. These include ending the illegal oil drilling done by Red Diamond Energy Corporation, saving a Florida Panther’s baby kitten from dying, and giving all other animals in the Black Vine Swamp a safe place to live.
After a gram stain was done unknown #257 was identified as a gram positive organism because when observed under the microscope the organism appeared purple with cocci in clusters. The organism was also catalase positive which means that it produced enzyme catalase and bubbled when hydrogen peroxide was added to it. Three test were conducted based on the result of the gram staining procedure. Blood agar with a Novobiocin disk was chosen as well as DNase (DNA) and Mannitol Salts (MSA) agar. The Blood agar is a bright red, opaque plate and the streaking or the inoculation technique was a modified streaking for isolation with a heavy quadrant one.
INTRODUCTION: In this experiment I was testing for antimicrobial sensitivity of Staphylococcus epidermidis by using the Kirby-Bauer Diffusion test. The three antibiotics utilized in this lab were: gentamicin, novobiocin, and penicillin. I determined the effectiveness of the antibiotic by observing and measuring the zone of inhibition for each antibiotic.
The 3 concentrations of enzymes were 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, and 2.0 ml of turnip extract, while the substrate consisted of 0.1ml, 0.2 ml, and 0.4 ml of hydrogen peroxide. In a separate tube, the control was made up of turnip extract and guaiacol, known as the color reagent. This was recorded the absorbance every 20 seconds for 3 minutes.
The ammonia: 1-butanol (1:1) solvent was the appropriate solvent to use for the column chromatography of food dye because it exhibited the properties of a good solvent system. A total 8 colored eluents were collected. The eluents had colors of pink, dark red, dark blue, dark green, light green, yellow, orange and light yellow respectively and
Prospera Insula translates to “Prosperous Island” from latin. The name represents the success and longevity our nation will forge after a catastrophic accident. The flag of Prospera Insula includes __ Description of My Island and Society Prospera Insula is a tropical island located in the middle of the Atlantic ocean. It has a population of 4000 people with the majority having a centre-left wing political perspective with few right wing believers. The nation is run by their monarch; Queen Susan who controls the decisions and maintains a prosperous society.
Cell viability assay: Introduction. Methods in Molecular Biology 740: 1-6. ThermoFisher Scientific. [Internet].
Prokaryotic organisms normally have a cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall, and sometimes a capsule. Bacterial cells are most commonly either coccus or bacillus in shape. The cell wall is either Gram positive or Gram negative. When the cell is Gram negative, the cell has an extra layer of lipopolysaccharides. The Gram positive has a thick layer of peptidoglycan.