Sea Snake Bite Research Paper

Sea Snakes:
Bite leads to development of polymositis with a limbgirdle distribution. Muscle enzyme levels are increased in blood and myoglobinuria with renal failure ensues.
Laboratory abnormalities: [40,42,43]
Blood: Anemia, Leucocytosis, Thrombocytopenia, Hypofibrinogenemia, hemolysis in peripheral smear
Urine: Hematuria, proteinuria, hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria
ECG Findings:
Bradycardia, ST segment depression or elevation, T-wave inversion, prolongation of QT interval and various types of arrhythmias.
Treatment of snake bite:[40,42,49,51]
It is of prime importance to determine whether the patient has been actually bitten by a poisonous snake. Look for fang marks, presence of local pain, edema, numbness or weakness. Their absence speaks

First aid can be performed by victim himself/herself or by any person who happens to be nearby. Traditionally, first aid included making local incisions or “tattooing” at the site of the bite, attempts at suctioning venom out of the wound, use of tight bands (tourniquets) around the limb, and/or local application of ice packs. None of the traditional remedies have any proven medical benefit. They should be discouraged as they do more harm than good and delay transport to a medical facility. Incision, suction, electric shocks, cryotherapy, or washing the wound are contraindicated as any interference with the wound introduces infection, increases bleeding from the site, and hastens absorption of the venom.
The current guidelines for first aid include the following:
- Reassure the patient
- Immobilise in the same way as a fractured limb but do not apply any compression in the form of tight ligatures
- Get to Hospital immediately.
- Tell the doctor of any systemic symptoms such as ptosis that manifest on the way to

In India it is commonly found in the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, West Bengal and Pondicherry. India harbours 99 species of scorpions but only two species, Mesobuthus tamulus (the common red scorpion) and Palamnieus swammerdani (Black scorpion) are poisonous. The severity of scorpion envenomation varies with the scorpion’s species, age, and size, and is much greater in children owing to their lesser body surface area. Scorpions live in warm, dry regions. They inhabit commonly the crevices of dwellings, underground burrows, under logs or debris, paddy husk, sugarcane fields, coconut and banana plantations. Scorpions retreat in the crevices of dwellings during the day only to emerge at night; thus most stings are reported at night. Also stings are more common during summer months as compared to winter Scorpions have crab-like appearance with long, fleshy, five segmented, tail like post-abdomen, ending in a broad sac and a prominent hollow sting. The venom containing glands are present in the last tail segment and the venom passes by a duct attached to these glands.
Scorpion