The Second War began when the Spartan King Archimedes II laid siege to the city of Plataea. The Athenians were able to hold their position until 427 B.C.E., when the city fell. During that time, a revolt by the Spartans as taking place at Mytilene, which put additional pressure on Athens. While they defended and successfully extinguished that revolt, the Athenians made additional progress into Peloponnese, by sea, as well as Italy, by land. Athens’ success eventually ended when they were defeated in an attempt to recover Amphipolis in 422 B.C.E. They signed the “Peace of Nicas” in order to maintain a sense of pride and to refrain from losing allies, and in 429 B.C.E., when Pericles died, Nicias succeeded him. On the other side
War broke out in 1914 due to forces that had been building up in Europe for years. While the Allies blamed Germany for the war too harshly, its actions certainly did directly contribute to World War I, as did those of Austria Hungary. However, each country involved fostered militarism in their country, and became in entrenched in the web of alliances and race for imperial power, all causes of the environment that led to the Great War. Therefore, it could be said that all European countries were responsible, in part, for World War I, as reflected in Documents 5, 6, and 7.
The first thing that put the odds in Greece’s favor was their will and spirit. The people of Greece weren’t just fighting for honor and glory. They were fighting for survival, for freedom. The Persians on the other hand weren’t has convicted. That’s not to say that glory and honor wasn’t part of it.
In 338 BCE, Philip’s army defeated the allied forces of Athens and Thebes in a battle at Chaeronea. This defeat forced Athens to enter into the so-called League of Corinth, ostensibly a pan-Hellenic alliance aimed at opposing the power of Persia, but actually an organization that gave Philip unprecedented authority over Greek
After the formation of the Hellenic League which successfully repelled Persia from Greece, the alliance broke up into two major forces. Thucydides claims “at the head of the one stood Athens, at the head of the other Lacedaemon, one the first naval, the other the first military power in Hellas.” (1.18) Athens and allies became the Delian League, which continued fighting in Asia Minor in order to conquer and liberate Persian controlled Greek states, and Sparta and allies formed the Peloponnesian League. However, once peace had been established with Persia in 449, the Delian League was reformed and Athens held hegemony over the allies and utilized them as tribute paying subjects.
By the middle of the 5th century B.C. Athens and Sparta, the two most powerful Greek city-states, found themselves on the brink of a full-scale war. According to Thucydides, at the beginning of the war both Athens and Sparta were at the pick of their might and flourishing and could trade and cooperate to each other’s benefit; instead, they got involved into an armed confrontation, in which the rest of the Greek cities participated, on one side or on the other. The growing military and financial power of Athens as well as its policy of forcing smaller city-states to join its Delian League was shifting the prevalent balance of power in Hellas and raising anxiety among Spartans, their allies and neutral cities. Sparta’s decision to get involved
At the end of the war, Sparta forced Athens to surrender. The long war weakened Greece so much that King Philip II of Macedon conquered it in 338
(Rise and Fall of Athenian Greatness) Athens had also begun to exploit the League’s navy, using it for their own benefit and intentions. (Delian League) It wasn’t long before the other city-states began to get fed up with the way Athens was ruling and soon, Sparta challenged Athens by forming its own league, the Peloponnesian League and in 431 BCE, the Peloponnesian War ensued. Athens was unavoidably defeated and the Delian League was dissolved when the war concluded in 404 BCE.
This greatly offended the Athenians, who then renounced their alliance with Sparta, and furthermore helped to resettle the evicted harlots after the quelling of the revolt. Athens also formed an alliance with Argos, an enemy of Sparta’s. This began a period of open hostility between the two states, known as the First Peloponnesian
The first stage of the war was fought between 460 to 446 bce. The second war, which was considered the more significant war was fought between 431 and 404 bce. These two wars were noth fought at home and in foreign land for both city state. Sparta and Athens were probably the two most powerful city states at the time in Greece. One of the differences between the two was that Athens build a bigger, stronger, better, fleet of ships.
Greek and Roman Timeline This timeline shows how the ancient Greek Empire fell to the Roman Empire. The Greeks fight the Persians in the Greek/Persian Wars and win in 490 BC. The temple of Athena is completed in Athens in 432 BC. The Peloponnesian Wars begin in 431 BC., and in 404 BC.
When Athens lost the battle though she was not destroyed she lost a lot of value. Sparta became the ruler over Greece and Athens became irrelevant. Though Sparta was victorious against Athens the length of the war turned up a large loss in citizens of Sparta. Even if Sparta could still fight and engage in battle they could not lead Greece as well as Athens and many allies rebelled due to their harsh rule. It was soon discovered that Sparta was weak and thats when Thebes came to take over and with the Theban confederation at Leuctra in 372 BCE and Mantinea 362
Several of the most famous and significant battles in history were fought during the Wars, these were at Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea, all of which would become legendary. The Athens and Sparta fought side by side because of this war. The war was won by the Greeks which ensured the preservation of their civilization. And with the victory followed an astonishingly rich period of artistic and cultural endeavour which would lay the cultural foundations of all future Western civilizations. The Greeks were able to regroup and to defend against the Persians, Athens formed the Delian League, making the city-state the most powerful in Greece.
This resulted to what was later called the Decelean War or the Ionian War where Sparta aided by Persians were involved in supporting rebellions in various Athenian controlled cities such as Ionia and Aegean. This undermined the strength of Athens
They were outnumbered in the battle has the Persians lost over 200 ships. Then in the land battle at Plataea in 479 BC, the spartan-led army defeated the Persian Army. The Persians were driven from Greece. Athens came up with a plan that included the naval victory of Salamis, which was the decisive victory in the war, the Athenians could rightly be said to have saved all of Greece from Persian domination. In the last joint campaign by Sparta and Athens the strategically important city of Byzantium is liberated from Persian rule.
The only difference in warfare is about more sophisticated technical achievements. Nowadays, it is not necessarily to use the army to seize power or land of another state. The actions taken by the Athenians have no longer apply, nobody sells women and children in captivity, nobody kills all the men from conquered lands. The current war is not the same as war more than 2,000 years ago, technological progress went ahead, the main themes of conflicts is oil, where the state turning the fight for control of these areas due to the raw materials there occurring, not on the desire for a larger territory, as it was in the case of Athens. Therefore, it is not always worth the effort to lead the