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Environmental Factors Affecting Germination

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An individual plant is capable of producing more than 200,000 seeds(Bhowmik and Bekech 1993; Weaver 2001). whole year is its germinating season but best growth occurs in early fall or spring (Buhler and Owen 1997; Holm 1997). Seeds are dispersed by wind. Pappus is an adaptation of the seed, which is twice as long as the seed.
Conyza Canadensis is an annual weed, so survive for a year only. Most germinations occur in autum or overwinter as rosettes. However small fraction may germinate in spring and die in same year after producing seeds.

FACTORS affecting Germination:
Seed germination is influenced by different environmental factors including PH, soil moisture, temperature and light (Chachalis and Reddy 2000; Kogeret al. 2004b; Taylorson 1987).
Following …show more content…

American and European oils were similar to each other and differed from Indian and Japanese.
Thirty-one constituents were identified from the essential oil: eighteen hydrocarbons (91.99% of the total oil), two acetates (2.92%), three alcohols (3.59%), four ethers (0.49%), one aldehyde (0.05%), and three ketones (0.23%). Major constituents of the essential oil were D,L-limonene (68.25% of the total oil) and delta-3-carene (15.9%).(Choi, Wang et al. 2008)
Different techniques can be utilized for the extraction of horseweed oil. D-limonene and matricaria methyl ester were reported as constituents of horseweed essential oil by Guenther in 1952. Later 11 other components including sesquiterpenes were confirmed by ogg et al.
Matricaria ester were 20% crystalline yield from the oil. Six of these acetylenic compounds were confirmed by Bohlmann and Jakupovic in 1979 . matricaria ester and related compounds were studied. However there hasn’t been any Research by the modern techniques on sequiterpene component ot of horseweed.(Hrutfiord, Hatheway et al.

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