Micropropagation is based on the theory of totipotency i.e. the ability of a single cell to develop into whole plant. The major components of the technology include choice of explant (excised part of plant), growing of explant on
This essay will discuss the follow points: what germination is, what the seedling stage is, the structure of a bean seed prior to germination, the process germination follows in the seed, the plant’s structure in the seedling phase, the hormones affecting the process, and cell differentiation. The germination of a seed is the process it undergoes to become a fully grown plant. Most seeds require water, soil and oxygen to begin to germinate, although some seeds have an additional need for light. Bean seeds are one of these seeds, and are therefore planted fairly close to the surface of the soil in order to get light. The seedling stage is the initial stage in the life cycle of a plant, and occurs usually a few days or weeks after the seed’s germination
Phytohormones, also called plant hormones are substances produced by plant cells in strategic locations in the plant and these plant hormones are able to regulate predominantly physiological phenomena of plants. Phytohormones are produced in small quantities in plant tissue, unlike animal hormones, they are synthesized in glands. They can action on the fabric itself in which they are generated or at long distances, by transport through the phloem and xylem
Then these vacuolar components containing phosphoros are transported from outer mycelium of fungi to the plant. While in other words, the arbuscules of the endomycorrhizal fungi can be said as the respective site from where phosphorus is transferred to the apoplast and then to the plant. The detailed process of phosphorus metabolism and transport is discussed
The mycorrhizal associations are always being described with the term symbiotic and mutualistic. (Brundrett, 2004). The root, the internal fungal structure and the external mycelium in the soil are the main characteristics of AM fungi (Heijden & Sanders, 2002). Endomycorrhizal symbiosis was given the name arbuscular because of distinguish arrangement formed in the symbiotic root. Arbuscules are complex branched of fungal hyphae enveloped by possibly modified, invaginated plant plasma membranes that form inside the cortical cells.
To begin the lab, first take a pencil and trace nine spinner shaped designs on the paper (each of the two wings should be around 3 inches each and the overall width should be 2.5 inches in the middle). 2. Then cut out all nine of the spinners. 3. Next place a seed in the middle of a spinner and tape it down so that the seed not fall off (repeat this step with the rest of the seeds/spinners).
Water is absorbed by the plant through the roots through the process of osmosis, which then exits the plant through the openings of the leaves, known as the stomata. Water is able to move up the roots of the plants by cohesion and adhesion. This is an important process that plants must go through in order to obtain H+ ions from the water which are required to perform photosynthesis. The movement of
Nada ElMoussa 17701179 -Title: Examination of plant and animal cells under the microscope. -Aim: To investigate plant and animal cells using light microscopy. -Introduction: A plant cell is the structural and functional basic unit of life in kingdom plantae. Plant cells are eukaryotic cells, where their DNA is housed within a nucleus, as well as other specialized structures called organelles including: the cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum (1). Fig (1): A plant cell under the microscope (2).
2.3. Test for bioactive compounds A qualitative analysis for bioactive chemical constituents of calamansi leaves were carried out in aqueous extracts by utilizing the standard procedures described by Sofowora (1993); Trease
Besides that, splint can facilitate the affected side extension and control the movement of the activity range. (Huang, Lee, 2013). Besides that, use the pulleys for hanging baskets as an adaptive equipment. Also, use pre-made roll-out flowering strips which have flower seeds instead of planting seeds individually. Another modification is make the flower beds as modify the garden to easier patient reach and making garden paths wider.