The Theory of Seismic Reflection Most seismic work results in the delineation of geological structures or features capable of trapping hydrocarbons (Telford et al, 1998). Of the two principal techniques; the seismic refraction and the seismic reflection techniques, the seismic reflection method is the most utilized technique for hydrocarbon exploration. It is able to picture the earth’s sub-surface and has the advantage of deeper depth penetration (depth) and relative higher resolution over the seismic refraction. Its’ principle of operations follows the basic principles of the seismic method.
The seismic method employs artificial energy source that sends acoustic waves into the subsurface. The time it takes for the wave to travel from the
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Seismic attributes were introduced in early 1970s (Subrahmanyam and Rao, 2008). Seismic attributes are related to the fundamental information in the seismic data and are very useful for reservoir characterization to enhance more definitive interpretation of the subsurface. It provides new seismic images that enhances the physical and geometrical description of the subsurface. Seismic attributes are computed from the seismic data and are computed usually in time rather than depth. The attributes are essentially derivatives of the basic seismic measurement viz-a-viz time, amplitude frequency and alternation (Ayolabi and Adigun, 2013).
The seismic attributes can be used qualitatively to describe the spatial heterogeneity or the geometrics of the reservoirs or quantitatively to describe the reservoir numerically. Chopra and Marfurt (2005) opined the seismic attributes reveals features, patterns and relationships in the seismic data that are other wised masked. According to Chopra and Marfurt (2005), over 50 seismic attributes have been calculated from the seismic data for the study of geologic structure, stratigraphy, rock, pore and fluid properties. Most attributes are usually post-stack.
The seismic data is treated as an analytic trace with real component (original input trace) and the complex imaginary component (generated from the Hilbert transform) from which various amplitude, phase, and frequency attributes are deduced (Nissan,
The earthquakes that have been considered are 1152, those for which a location was found in the catalogues: for 956 of them it was possible to calculate also, as additional information, the equivalent WA magnitude (MLBB). Indeed, since October 22, 2004 a Guralp 40-T BB seismometer with a period extended to 60 s was placed very close to the WA one. In addition, for 134 events recorded in the period 2010-2013 the equivalent ML was estimated both by the BB instruments placed at on the surface (MLBB) and at the bottom (MLTRI) of the cave (see Introduction). To compute the equivalent ML we have first deconvolved the BB instrument transfer function to obtain a ground displacement record and then we have convolved the signal with the WA transfer function.
Rocks are intriguing to many individuals all over the world. Being made up of one or even many minerals, rocks draw an overwhelming amount of attention to themselves. When a probe brought back samples of rock from Planet X the task of identifying the rock was assigned. With no prior knowledge of the type of rock presented one will need figure out the identity of the rock based only on its density and physical properties. With an experimental process, one will begin to compare and uncover the identity of the rock samples brought back.
Question Set 7 A) What types of methods and tools are used to measure, document and analyze ancient fault activity along the San Andreas Fault and its associated faults? For example, how do geologists determine how long a fault has been active, how often it ruptures, its relative offset motion, and how much offset? Note that the term "ancient" means fault activity that occurred thousands to millions of years ago - long before seismologists were around. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale: Measures the intensity of an earthquake Richter Scale: Used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake (Tarbuck, 2013)
The scientists take careful looks at the rocks to study things like texture, composition, and where the rock came from (OI). That helps them figure out what type of rock it is and what it is useful for. That is why the
In the poem “Woodchucks” by Maxine Kumin, how does the speaker strengthen a sense that everybody has a murderous intent deep inside? Throughout the essay, you will see that Kumin introduces the speaker as a frustrated farmer trying to get rid of a problem she is going through. The speaker tries to kill the woodchuck by successfully gassing them. The speaker is frustrated and angry furthermore because his solution is not working in order to protect his garden. Down the line in the poem the farmer finds another means on how to kill the woodchucks and feel like this is the only option to get rid of them, however, wants the woodchucks to not feel the pain.
This essay is going to reflect on my own management and leadership style in delivering patient care. It will discuss the effectiveness of the other leadership and management style within the multi-disciplinary team and its impact on delivering patient care. I will use as an example, my previous experience back home as a nurse and compare it to my current experience in the United Kingdom (UK). This will show my strength and weakness as well as my new learning skills, which have changed my practice. I will be using Driscoll model of reflection (2007) to guide my thought and refine my ideas.
Under the Same Moon (2007) directed by Patricia Riggen is centered around a nine-old-boy, Carlitos, who is trying to find his mother, Rosario, who is in Los Angeles, California. Rosario illegally immigrated to the United States in hopes of a better life for herself and her son. She left Carlitos with her grandmother in Mexico in hopes that he would be safer there and could eventually come over with her. However, after her grandmother dies Carlitos, who wants to escape his tyrannical aunt and uncle, finds two transporters that illegally take him across the border. After he makes it across Carlitos is separated from the transporters and is eventually helped by Enrique who takes him to Los Angeles where they search for the payphone that Rosario used to call Carlitos at 10 a.m every Sunday.
When the film The Sixth Sense, directed by Night Shyamalan debuted in 1999, it mesmerized audiences near and far with its appealing paranormal plot, its deceptive nature and its top-shelf talent from its actors. The film was immensely prosperous and quickly became a cultural phenomenon. However, most casual moviegoers overlooked its underlying philosophical significance. The Sixth Sense is driven by the big questions of life from almost every aspect of philosophy specifically metaphysics and epistemology. In this specific scene Shyamalan relies on subtlety to create a creepy atmosphere of something beyond our ordinary beliefs and understanding.
This paper is a case study reflection that needs to be applied and underpin the steps of safe prescribing, ethics, responsibility and legal of prescribing with respect to standards of Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC). In this regard, I will follow the Driscoll (1994) Model of reflection, which is based on three questions that explains experiences, differences that are made, significance, and actions to continue professional development with respect to learning. Discussion Driscoll (1994) Model of reflection
The Process of Reflection The process of reflection is central to clinical supervision. Launer (2003) describes external and internal factors in supervision whereby clinical practice and sharing skills are external and reflection is an ‘internal conversation.’ Brunero & Stein-Parbury (2008) discussed the effects of clinical supervision in nursing staff and argued that self-reflection generates a sense of self-awareness and knowledge to the individual. Supervisees or students may be asked what happened during a clinical event, how they felt, the implications of their actions and what they would do differently if faced with the same situation.
A. OBJECTIVE AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND In this individual reflective report, I will discuss how the Consulting Project course gave me opportunities to experience, explore and evaluate the real-life business case, how it strengthen my practical business knowledge, problem solving and leadership skills, and how the learning process will support my personal development goals. To help structure my reflective report, I will apply the Kolb’s model of reflection which we learned from the LPDCM course. This model is also known as learning through experience, described through the Kolb’s Learning Cycle: Figure 1. Kolb’s Learning Cycle (Source: Kolb, 2005)
This essay aims to examine different models of reflection, such as Gibbs, Kolb, and Atkins & Murphy, it will then compare them in respect of their application to practice. It will then explore the ‘Gibbs’ model of reflection as a vehicle with which to discuss interpersonal skills and communication within team practice, this will also include multi-disciplinary teams in general. During this essay the author will identify the key roles and responsibilities and the main barriers that affect partnership working, this will help identify the significance of communication and interpersonal skills while working with children and young people in different settings. There are multiple similarities and differences between the three models of reflection,
Introduction In this reflective essay I will reflect upon the course based on the assignments and projects I have accomplished this semester. Recent research (Kornblith, 2012:3) identifies that reflection is an active process and making sense of the experience through the understanding of one’s actions. As suggested by (Roberts, 2011:63) she states that the understanding of reflection have been used to develop an action stage, which can further help to improve my skills and knowledge towards my course. This is vital as it ensures that i get the most out of my learning experience and i could use them to their maximum benefit.
Earthquakes are caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake. When two plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a little. Most earthquakes occur along the edge of the oceanic and continental plates. Due to stress they shift and cause the earthquake.
” Earthquake is like a place with a lot of surprises, disaster that should be prepared. “Earthquakes are considered as one of the most destructive natural disasters and can produce many types of losses, including