Resilience Theory

Communities are exposed to natural catastrophes, such as tsunamis, earthquakes, hurricanes, etc. The number, intensity and consequences of earthquakes in recent years have been increased [1]. Therefore, making and building disaster resilient cities are the aims that have been supported through regional and international programs, since disaster risk reduction is of global imperative [2-4]. Moreover, an aim has been to ensure that critical infrastructure systems remain functional after disastrous events. The critical infrastructure systems represent a large scale, spatially distributed, complex and integrated networks embedded in nature [5]. The reduced capacity of the critical infrastructure system could have a huge impact on health, safety, economics and social well-being of the affected communities [6]. Hence, it is of vital significance that associated lifelines withstand disasters and stay functional in aftermath to ensure rapid recovery [7]. Transportation networks, as one of lifelines, have a task to provide secure, reliable, efficient and uninterrupted flow of goods and services, and to facilitate the transportation of people. The emphasis of this research is on the highway bridges as the most vulnerable components of transportation system [8].
The concept of resilience appears in different research domains from

The purpose of the fuzzy logic is to solve high degree uncertainty problems and represent vague, ambiguous, conflicting and chaotic information [15-17]. In current literature, there are some applications of fuzzy logic and fuzzy set theory in earthquake engineering for earthquake damage evaluation and seismic risk assessment [18, 19], fuzzy-randomness in fragility curve analysis [20], fuzzy-probabilistic earthquake risk assessment (fuzzy probability magnitude and fuzzy vulnerability relation) [21], risk assessment of bridges under multiple hazards based on fuzzy logic approach [22], among