Self-Esteem And Cognitive Dissonance Theory

The roles and expectations of women were based on the perception that women were inferior to men. Frist, there were numerous tasks and roles for women in the 17th century. Women were to obey and serve their husbands which included tending to their children, maintaining the household, and other chores around the house. Governor John Winthrop stated, “A ‘true wife’ would find contentment only in subjection to her husband’s authority.” (George Brown Tindall, 110) The modal woman at this time was one who would silently do as she was told by her husband. However, there were other roles for women.

I must think about it" (27.4). Edna fully understands that society would brand her as a terrible woman, but she does not view herself as a bad person. There is an external and internal difference that Edna hopes to one day reconcile. Chopin, instead of creating tension within Edna, created tension within the society and Edna with her newfound independence does not mind how society classifies her. Decisively, it can be concluded that the tension between outward conformity and inward questioning builds the meaning of the novel by examining Edna’s role as a wife, mother, and as nontraditional woman in the traditional Victorian period.

According to Koenig, Mitchell, Eagly and Ristikari (2011), studies on gender stereotyping attribute these findings to gender inequality, since the characteristics of leadership roles are ascribed more to men than women. It is suggested that masculine traits which attributed to men are more likely to be associated with leadership roles than feminine traits which attributed to women. Specifically, leadership roles tend to correlate more strongly with men than women as women characteristics stereotypically do not qualify the expectations for leaders. However, the result on Eagly and Johnson (1990) research shown women have a higher tendencies to be more interpersonally oriented and tend to lead using a more democratic style as compared to men which focused on more task-oriented and autocratic style of leadership. Accordingly, gender difference between leadership style of men and women were small in which weakened to the extent that a role was dominated by men.

The difference between Polonius and Ophelia is that Ophelia’s intentions are emotional and Polonius’ intentions are more social. “Women’s nurturing capacities are distinct from men’s testosterone-driven engagement in the world around them” (Hall, 200). Ophelia thinks that there is hope for love, but Polonius contradicts her with the social and economic norms of the

Biases have been formed towards the relationships between men and women for the bulk of time. Privileges of the men differ a great deal from the privileges of women, when it comes to roles both genders play in their everyday lives. Expectations, celibacy, and dominance are key factors that play into relationships between men and women. All of which tend to be typical male intentions, and if a female reaches out to a male she is thought of as a desperate, slut. Relationships are important for one to acquire at some point in life, though difficulty sets in immediately upon the women being forced to stay in a submissive state.

Most of us would define this emotion as jealousy, but an interesting point brought up in the article suggests that we only express jealousy when we are feeling a loss (Khazan, 2014). I believe this is the strongest argument for why polyamory works just as well as, or better than, monogamy. However, I still question if these individuals are setting their feelings aside in order to save the relationship, or if they actually are better at regulating these

Females score significantly more than males on the Emotional Quotient (EQ) (Baron-Cohen &Wheelright, 2004) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) (Davis, 1980). Socialization and culture play an important role in the development of empathy according to Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright, (2004) Eisenberg and Lennon (1983) proposed that biases in self-report scales could influence the observed gender differences. These differences may be because men may be unwilling to report empathic encounters due to social anticipations. When a tool is thought to measure s empathy, it may induce responses affected by an individual’s classificationto gender stereotypes (Michalska, Kinzler, &Decety., 2013). One of the most common stereotypes in society is that females are more considerate and empathetic than males (Rueckert, 2011).

Our understanding of gender inequalities in society is based on how hegemonic masculinity operates. Subordinate men only exist because they are measured in relation to hegemonic masculinity. Even so, as a group, subordinate men can still access power and privilege by aspiring to hegemonic masculine traits (Messner, 1997). Emphasised femininity implies that individuals are orientated to accommodate the desires and interests of men (Kilduff & Mehra, 1996). Women who possess hegemonic masculine characteristics, such as successful, competitive and physically superior women, are often seen as threats to men, unfeminine and ‘bad’ (Vescio, Schlenker & Lenes, 2010).

To put it simply, gender is the identification of male or female due to their ability to perform as male or female (reproductive roles). it could also be seen as a range of characteristics pertaining to and differentiating between masculinity and femininity. Gender plays a very significant role in the society. The gender of a person could determine how well they fit in the society as some societies tend to favor the males better than the females as they believe that males are superior to female. This in some societies is a problem as women are trying to fight for their right to be able to do things that the males do.

Social exchange theory explains why relationships are formed, continued, or terminated based on a cost-benefit analysis. Ideally individuals seek romantic partners that are more rewarding rather than costly. Long term relationships suggest that this ideal partner has already been found. However, some still experience betrayal. Experiencing betrayal in long term relationships shatter known expectations from that partner costing relational distress, but long term couples sacrificed and invested so much time already they are more likely to consider repairing the relationship rather than terminating it.