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Local Self Government In Russia

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Soviet public administration system was highly centralized and did not have any forms of local self-government. The adoption of the Constitution in December 1993 signified the first step in the reform of local self-government as a public governance institution in the Russian Federation (RF). The Constitution recognized local self-government as one of the fundamental elements of the constitutional system. Article 12 guarantees that local self-government is independent within the range of its authorities. Since then, in theory, local governments in Russia operate outside the formal state hierarchy. However, municipalities are, in practice, treated as a “third tier” of state power, subordinate to regional and federal administrations (Ross, 2007). …show more content…

An examination of Law implementation shows that the political and financial autonomy of Russia’s municipalities have been compromised and that local self-government has been turned into branch of state power (Ross, 2007). Lankina (2005) notes, that the large number of state regulations weakens the spirit of democratic provisions. According to Liborakina (2003), the new legislation demonstrates a clear tendency towards the ‘governmentalisation’ of local self-government. As a result of Law implementation number of municipalities has more than doubled by 2006. Among 24208 municipalities 12251 were newly organized, including 10700 rural settlements, 1295 unban settlements, 238 municipal districts, and 18 city districts. Large scale elections where held: 119358 deputies and 8664 heads of administrations had been elected. Moreover, 180000 officials were recruited to staff the new …show more content…

Miroshnikov (2010) reports the results of the survey of municipal servants in 2010, which show that 19% of the respondents do not earn enough money for living. Gutnikova (2009) notes, that this results in lack of qualified specialists, as one of the main problem of local self-government. Another problem is lack of motivation to implement change, lack of individual initiative, and dependence on regional level authorities to resolve problems. Remuneration of managerial personnel is not connected with performance indicators, creating no motivation for optimization (Bozhya-volya, 2009). Situation in Perm region is rather typical for regions in RF. Region appeared in 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous District. Referendum consolidated territories with different economic backgrounds. In 2013 municipal servants’ wage in Perm region was on average 34% lower than real sector wage, with large differentiation among municipalities. Regional transfers formed up to 95% of local budgets, with mean value of 60%. Ministry of Regional Development is in charge of work with municipalities, among other issues, the Ministry is engaged in norm-setting, which is the most commonly used tool of wage regulation in municipal, regional and federal administrations (Istomina,

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