Seven Elements Of Crime Essay

Criminal intent is the committing of a crime despite the knowledge and awareness that such is wrong lawfully and morally. Crime is a constant in the novel The Secret Life of Bees. Nearly every mentioned character is a criminal based on the laws of the time: 1960’s. The story is about 14-year-old Lily Owens, who runs away with her black stand-in mother from her abusive father. Already, in the plot summary alone, is crime spotted within the story; although of the grievances that are displayed in the novel, the worst and most intentional crimes are committed by T. Ray, Lily, and Rosaleen.

The objective of criminological theories is to help one gain an understating of crime and criminal justice. Speculations cover the making and the infringing upon of the law, criminal and degenerate conduct, and additionally examples of criminal movement All of the listed theories play an important role regarding the reason why Aaron Hernandez committed the

Integrated theory does not necessarily attempt to explain all criminality but is distinguishable by the idea of merging concepts drawn from different sources. Integrated criminology tries to bring together the diverse bodies of knowledge that represents the full range of disciplines that study crime (Schmalleger, 2012). Integrated theories provide wider explanatory power (Schmalleger, 2012).

There are many victims of unfortunate circumstances in the world today, yet some of these results could have been easily avoided. In the novel, Just Mercy, the author Bryan Stevenson addresses many cases in which children under the age of 18 are incarcerated within the adult criminal justice system. By treating children as adults in the criminal justice system their innocence and undeveloped person, become criminalized. These children become dehumanized and only viewed as full-fledged criminals and as a result society offers no chance sympathy towards them. Stevenson argues that children tried as adults have become damaged and traumatized by this system of injustice. His claim that children should not be tried as adults is agreeable because

A criminal is someone that commits criminal like activities such as murder, theft, arson, robbery, etc. with the intent to harm another person and/or pursue personal goals. There is no constraint as to who can be a criminal; criminals do not have to be a specific race, gender, age, or particular sexuality. Some, if not most, criminals commit crimes due to either have learned the behavior, have the ability to do so freely, or their connection with social bonds. A pair of criminals, widely known as the Kray Twins, aimed to create fear in everyone that may or may not have crossed their path. These twins became the most feared criminals with their violent acts of aggression and gang like style within the 1960s.

Public order crimes are often referred to as consensual crimes, victimless vice, crimes without victims or victimless crimes (Siegel, 2006). Crimes against public order are defined as crime which involves acts that interfere with the operations of society and the ability of people to function efficiently (Siegel, 2006). Public order crimes often trace their origin to moral crusaders who seek to shape the law toward their own way of thinking. Significant debate continues on how to reduce public order crimes such as illegal prostitution, illicit drugs, and money laundering. The drug problem today is very large and continues to grow more serious every year. An international enterprise has been organized for the production distribution of drugs heroin and cocaine in particular (Adler, Mueller, & Laufer, 2013, p. 364). Law enforcement and health agencies have made efforts to control the drug problem. These efforts stem in drug trafficking, treating addicts, educating the public, and arresting and incarcerating offenders (Adler, Mueller, & Laufer, 2013, p. 364). The strategies that focus on arresting prostitutes are unlikely to be effective. It is best to seek strategies that reduce the harms caused and experienced by prostitutes are more likely to work than those seeking to eliminate prostitution. Financial reporting laws have attempted to curb money laundering and our financial

The mens rea is the mental element of an offence. It refers to the mental state of the accused in terms of the offence. If no mens rea is present the accused cannot be convicted with the exception of absolute or strict liability. In order for a person to be guilty of a specific crime it is expected that the defendant has the necessary mens rea.(4)

Sutherland’s theory of Differential Association takes a macro level analysis as to why people commit crimes and brings it to a micro level analysis. He concludes that looking at a multiple factor approach did not explain why crimes are committed. Instead he asks the question what one singular factor touches on these multilevel factors. Sutherland looked for the universal explanation as to why crimes are committed rather than looking at individual reasons. His theory seeks what has always been present in crime and what has not or better yet what mechanism or experiences correlate to the crimes committed. Sutherland proceeded to look at a singular force that made people commit crimes. Whether it’s their group, society or history and how this

Victim precipitation theories generally involve an explanation of how an individual’s behavior may contribute to his or her own victimization. In future the victim precipitation is behavior by a victim that initiates subsequent behavior of the victimizer and the degree to which victim is responsible for own victimization

Deviance and crime is a common characteristic of Canadian society. Deviance is defined as: “recognized violation of cultural norms” (2013, pg.465). While crime is defined as: “recognized violation of society’s formally enacted criminal law” (2013, pg.464). There are some universal similarities about what we as humans consider morally deviant, still, what is regarded as deviant or criminal behavior in Canada may not resonate with other societies. Some behavior “can fall right in between deviant and criminal” (Healy, 2012). In most cases, if not all, criminal acts are recognized as deviant, but deviant acts do not have to be criminal.

The various goals of criminal sentencing today are revenge, retribution, just deserts, deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation or reformation, and restoration (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2015). The first is revenge. Revenge is an emotional response to real or imagined injury or insult which requires punishment in return. This is done more on feeling than by law.

Mens rea is the element of a crime which alludes to what is known as the “guilty mind”. The case of R v Mohan [1976] QB 1 , the case dealing with the meaning of intention in the context of the offence of murder, James LJ clarified that intention meant ‘aim’ or ‘a decision to bring about a certain consequence’ whilst mens rea is generally related with motive what it more directly links to the notion of intention. There are two types of intention, direct intention and oblique intention .Oblique intention is difficult for a jury to infer and difficult for a prosecutor to prove. Defining mens rea of intention precisely is very difficult over the years. The meaning of intention have been highly debated and had went through transformation throughout the years. It was R v Moloney [1985] AC 905 which introduced the Moloney Guidelines was the first case to introduce this subject, this case was followed by R v Hancock and Shankland [1985] 3 WLR 1014 then came along the case of R v Nedrick [1986] 1 WLR 1025 the final, clarified guidance comes from R v Woolin [1999] 1 A.C. 82 .

After a decade of economic prosperity, what seemed like an era that defined the concept of the American dream, quickly came to an end when the stock market on Wall Street collapsed in 1929. The aftermath of the events that occurred on Wall Street would put its heavy mark on the years to follow among the citizens of the United States. Banks closed down, unemployment rose and homelessness increased. It was a widespread national catastrophe that had its impacts on both poor and rich. In this essay, I am going to look at what ways the Great Depression affected the American people with examples from John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men.

Why do people commit crimes? What goes through their minds before they actually commit a crime? These are questions asked from society to criminologist every time one decides they want to commit a crime. Criminologists has given us different crime causations, theories, to explain the answer to these questions. A theory is a speculation about how phenomena, behavior, or process are caused and what takes place after the cause is determined (Anderson, 2015). There are numerous theories that have evolved over time to explain why crimes are committed. These theories include anomie, strained, social control, and rational choice theory. In this research paper I will be focusing on rational choice theory. Majority of these theories focus on a macro-level, which is the largest, meanwhile some focus on a micro-level, the smaller level, depending on the circumstances. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize how rational choice theory is integrate with different crimes. The crimes included are burglary, white collar crime, and murder.

Drugs are one of the crime sources, although not by the drugs, itself, but the condition. Illegal drugs are rare products that could not be found in the normal market, the cost for its rarity is totally expensive. Once the addicts—people who cannot live without consuming drugs—try to use the products, they will seek for the larger amount of drugs to consume. However, as they consume the drugs constantly, the price keep increasing abruptly and they become peter out of money. When those people are unable to buy the drugs, they will struggle to buy it and almost of the