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Sex Determination System Essay

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In human, there are two different sex chromosomes, which are X chromosome and Y chromosome. The sex determination system found in human is based on XY genetic sex determination system. Males are typically heterogamety, with two different sex chromosome (XY), whereas females have two of the same kind of sex chromosome (XX). SRY gene is the master sex determining gene in human being which localize in Y chromosome. It provides instruction that lead to the transformation of gonads into testes and prevent the development of female reproductive organ. Some mammals like mole voles and Japanese spinous country rat have already lost Y chromosome and SRY genes. They do not have Y chromosome and SRY gene, but they still made up of male and female. This …show more content…

In birds, ZW sex-determination system is used to determine the sex of offspring. The letter Z and W are used to distinguish this system from the XY sex-determination system. Females are heterogametic (ZW) whereas males are homogametic (ZZ). In the ZW system, the ovum determines the sex of the offspring instead of the sperm determines the sex. Sex determination system in fish is completely different and complicated as it can involve multiple sex chromosomes and multiple gene loci. For medaka fish, dmrt1bY is the master sex determination gene which localize in Y chromosome, with male heterogamety (XY) and female homogamety (XX). If the gene dmrt1bY is mutated, XY individual will develop as a female. Although dmrt1bY gene is a recent master sex-determining gene from the medaka fish, it is not the universal master sex-determining gene in all fish. Dmrt1bY gene is only present in two species within the genus Oryzias. For platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus, there are different sex determination system. Platyfish X. maculatus has three sex chromosomes: X, Y and W. Male can be XY or YY and female can be XX, XW or

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