Shear Wall Literature Review

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1 Introduction
One of the major problems in the modern construction world is the problem of vacant land. This scarcity in urban areas has led to the vertical construction growth of low-rise, medium-rise, tall buildings and even sky-scraper (over 50 meters tall). These buildings generally used Framed Structures subjected to the vertical as well as lateral loads. In these structures, the lateral loads from strong winds and earthquakes are the main concerns to keep in mind while designing rather than the vertical loads caused by the structure itself. These both factors may be inversely proportional to each other as the building which is designed for sustaining vertical loads may not have the capacity

Generally, it is provided in tall buildings to avoid total collapse of the structure under seismic loads. We can control the side bending of structure, by providing shear wall. The shear wall will devour shear forces and prevents the location-position of construction from changing and consequently destruction. But one thing must be given importance that the shear wall arrangement must be supremely accurate, if not the resultant will give a negative effect instead. The shear wall comprises of braced panels (shear panels) to counter lateral load effects acting on a structure. Seismic loads and wind is amongst the most common loads that shear wall designed to carry. When shear wall is build, it is constructed in line form of heavily braced and reinforced panels. This is why they are also known as braced wall lines in some region. The wall perfectly connects two exterior walls and braces other shear walls in the structure. Bracing is achieved with heavy timbers and metal brackets or support beams that keep the wall steady and strong. The shear walls are now a vital part of mid and high rise buildings. A building to be an earthquake resistant design, these walls are positioned in the building plans which reduces lateral displacements under seismic loads. Thus shear wall frame structures are

Coupled shear walls
3. Rigid frame shear walls
4. Framed walls with infill frames
5. Column supported shear wall
6. Core type shear walls
1. Simple rectangular type: This type of shear wall is rigid. Under the action of in plane vertical loads and horizontal shear along its length, the walls are subjected to bending and shear. During an earthquake they attract and dissipate a lot of energy by cracking, which is difficult to repair.
Figure 1.1- Simple Rectangular Shear Wall
2. Coupled shear wall : In these type of shear wall, two structural walls are joined together through relatively short spandrel beams, thus increases the stiffness of resultant wall, In addition the structure dissipate most of energy by yielding the coupling beams with no structural damages to the main walls.
Figure 1.2- Couple Shear Wall
3. Rigid frame shear walls: The interaction of rigid frames and simple shear walls of a tall building. The deflection of the frame is in shear mode, but the wall deflection is in the bending mode. This interaction increases the maximum shear in shear walls and reduces maximum moments. This raises the tendency of shear failure in shear walls and this aspect should be permissible for the