In this essay I will look at Cindy Sherman’s Untitled Film Stills discussed in A WOMAN’S 69 LOOKS by Daria Ioan (2011), the purpose of this essay will be to argue that her photography can be seen as a form of simulacra, how this effect is constituted by both the creator and the viewer, and as a result how this is an instance of “the death of the author”.
Cindy Sherman is an American photographer who, between 1977 and 1980, released upredicted and unusual photographs portraying femininity. The complete untitled film stills – in which Sherman created a mix of film culture and photography, the series consisted of 69 untitled portrayals with herself as the subject; mentioned by Ioan (2011) as “the film still”, this photographic approach has not been used by others before her. “The series deal with the baroque theme of the qui pro quo and the everlasting quest of the wandering feminine
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“… [T]he birth of the reader must be at the cost of the death of the Author” - Barthes emphasizes the idea that while the intention of the work may lie with the author, how it is perceived is in the control of the reader. According to (https://tristonrobinson.wordpress.com/tag/film-still/. ) “the viewer’s perceptions, interpretation is influenced by their exposure to Hollywood mythology and their perception of the female role in contemporary culture” – in this case Sherman as the artist “dies” and her intention becomes irrelevant.This photograph is not a self-portrait of Sherman, even though she is the physical subject. Sherman is able, through her intricate execution, to both be in her image yet completely out of it, and with this Sherman’s photography results in an instance of what Barthes (1967) refers to as the “death of the
In many instances, Pilar’s voice serves to question the clarity of the lens with which we see the world. Beginning as a child, Pilar seeks to discover a truth that goes beyond the superficial. She broaches the subject of image in the context of advertisements, saying, “I read somewhere that the woman who posed for it was three months pregnant at the time and that it was shaving cream, not whipped cream, she was suggestively dipping into her mouth” (197). Through the irony of this event, Garcia brings to light the fiction of image, and the way the realities we accept at face value, are often only shadows of what truly exists. The fiction of image, and of memory is something that Celia ponders as well.
Polizer Prize-winning journalist, Donald M. Murray, in his essay for The Boston Globe, “The Stranger in the Photo Is Me”, argues that innocence changes overtime through photos. He supports this claim by first alluding to an artist’s painting. Then he speaks on himself in third-person, and finally reflect on the loss of innocence. Murray’s purpose is to describe his experiences in order to inform people. He adopts a nostalgic tone for people over the age of sixty.
In society, there are several stereotypes and gender roles culturally influenced by women today. Cindy Sherman’s Untitled Film Stills series made between (1977-1980) shows different stereotypes of women in different everyday situations. This series consists of the artist posing as those female roles in seventy black and white photographs. In my opinion, by doing this series she challenges the way we view women regularly in pictures, by giving a different perspective. In this paper, I examine Cindy Sherman’s work and how my work is inspired by or relates to her work.
(Encyclopedia of World Biography). Sherman allowed viewers to “construct their own narratives”, so the photographs remained without a name. (Encyclopedia of World Biography). These photographs were all black and white. ‘Untitled Film Stills’ all had Cindy Sherman in the pictures, but the only difference was that Sherman dressed up differently.
In a time where social strictures denied most women a future in the field of visual arts, Harriet Hosmer defied all social convention with her large scale success in neoclassical sculpting. At a young age, Hosmer had already developed a striking reputation, one that qualified her to study abroad in Rome under the tutelage of renowned sculptor John Gibson. As if this opportunity wasn’t rare enough for women artists in her day, Hosmer’s outstanding potential earned her the luxury of studying from live models.6 The respect she gained from taking this unconventional route to her success is one that entirely transformed society’s perception of women. Not only did her unique story serve as a catalyst in the progression of gender equality, but she also hid symbolic messages within each of her sculptures to find a way to penetrate her beliefs of equality through to any soul.3 As the National Museum of Women in the Arts perfectly captures, “[s]he preferred Neoclassical idealism to more naturalistic trends and rendered mythological and historical figures, such as Oenone, Beatrice Cenci, and Zenobia, Queen of Palmyra, with nobility and grandeur.
Homogenising the public’s reaction on seeing moving images around the turn of the twentieth century, the scene elicits astonishment, mesmerizing spectators on seeing paintings in motion, and therefore constitutes the film as a modern cinema of attractions. Labelling What Dreams May Come as an exhibition of technological innovation is cogent, and in reality should not be intrinsically tied to the narrative of the film. Truthfully, audiences should respect the film’s ingenuity as it introduced revolutionary special effect techniques and
As a photographer myself, the theory of punctum is not unknown to me; however, the application of the concept of punctum towards the perfomativity of a photograph is unchartered territory. The photograph I chose to analyze is Dorothea Lange’s renowned portrait Migrant Mother, which is a Great Depression-era photograph featuring a migrant farmer, and is among the most famous photographs from this turbulent chapter of American history. The raw emotion in the mother’s face, paired with her body language and grimy appearance, captivates viewers; however, it is not the mother that makes this image so powerful to me, but rather, the turned away children framing their mother. This detail adds a new dimension to the portrait for me.
This paper will explore Mary Devereaux’s view on beauty and evil, and use Leni Riefenstahl’s Triumph of the Will documentary to demonstrate that it is possible to appreciate the beauty of a piece of art while having it challenge our morals. Thus allowing for the coexistence of beauty and evil which lead to the self-reflection of the viewer. Through Mary Devereaux’ application of non-formalism as her choice of evaluation of the beauty and evil, I will demonstrate that the film can be appreciated. Secondly, by discussing Devereaux’ correctness in selecting a non-formalist structure but her misuse in the application of this structure, thus presenting an invalid argument. In conclusion, this paper will explore the importance of the coexistence of beauty and evil in art and what is does for the being.
In this essay, I will discuss how the film is about film itself. The notions of gaze will also be analysed, through a discussion of voyeurism and Jeff and Lisa’s relationship. This brilliant film about watching the neighbours simultaneously represents a self-reflexive film about the cinema and filmmaking. “[…] Jeff embodies the activity and passivity of both the film maker and the spectator; the director creates and waits, while the viewer
Every now and then the art world is struck by a wave of change that leaves a strong impression, which can last for a long time. Visual arts saw the rise of impressionism and cubism, surrealism and realism took literature to an opposite direction, and film has evolved over the years through cultural and artistic development such as expressionism, auteurism and film noir (House, p.61). The 1940s and post World War II gave rise to a new style of American film, these films appeared pessimistic and dark in mood, theme, and subject. The world created within these films were portrayed as corrupt, hopeless, lacked human sympathy, and “a world where women with a past and men with no future spent eternal nights in one-room walk-ups surrounded by the
This essay discusses transnational feminism in contemporary art and Reilly talks about her experience curating the art exhibit "Global Feminisms: New Directions in Contemporary Art," which presented a selection of young to mid-career women artists from a variety of cultures. The essay examines transformations in feminist theory and contemporary art practice and talks about artists Patricia Piccinini, Dayanita Singh, and Catherine Opie. Reilly really focuses on challenging First World Feminism that assumes "sameness" among women. Instead, the show and essay acknowledge the differences in the woman's lives. " In other words, this all-women exhibition aimed to be inclusively transnational, evading restrictive boundaries as it questioned the continued privileging of masculinist cultural production from Europe and the United States within the art market, cultural institutions, and exhibition practices."
In Laura Mulvey’s article, “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema,” she writes about the relationship between voyeurism, cinema, and gender. She begins by describing the concept of scopophilia, which means to gain pleasure from looking. She writes that scopophilia is inherently active/masculine, and that pleasure is derived from looking at other people as mere objects. On the other hand, the passive/feminine is derived from the experience of being looked at (pg.188). Mulvey sees this binary relationship between viewer and object being viewed as a part of our culture, and the greatest example of this is found in cinema.
According to Bazin, today no one recognizes the ontological link between the body and a representation: “No one believes any longer in the ontological identity of model and image, but all are agreed that the image helps us to remember the subject and to preserve him from a second spiritual death”. The need for survival after death is no longer a concern for the arts, instead, now the focus is on “the creation of an ideal world in the likeness of the real, with its own temporal identify.” Today the plastic arts aim to create a virtual world that is near the realms of realism and has nothing to do with life and afterlife. This explains why photography and cinema caused “the great spiritual and technological crisis that overtook modern painting” in the 1850s.
Laura Mulvey’s article Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema was published in 1975, has set out the concept of visual pleasure and explains it under a system looks in cinema. Her theory points out that men looked at women, men are the subjects of women, and to look at the object position; (women) accept their role of being looked at and creating visual pleasures for men as well as in the social reality. Her approaching is to use the same “political weapon” (“psychoanalytic theory”) that “the unconscious of patriarchal society has structured film form” (the way men used to oppress women) (Mulvey 483), with the hope to leave “the past behind without rejecting it” (Mulvey 485). To analyze that the main bias of cinema lies in the obsessive psychological
1. Introduction Writing about a living phenomenon is a complicated effort especially when realizing it is a dynamic, changeable and heterogeneous structure. This happens when we try to study contemporary practices today, in postmodern era, which is definitely a special expression of specific moment. If Modernism, among others, tried to enforce authority, postmodernism brought anarchy. Many things found today in postmodernism can be traced back, transformed of course, in the main modern flows; dadaism, futurism, surrealism.