Shinto is recognized as an indigenous religion of Japanese people that comes from two words: shin (Gods) and to or do (the way). It is “an action-centered religion that demonstrates on ritual practices to be carried out diligently and to establish a connection between present-day Japan and its ancient past.” Although Helen Hardacre argues in her book Shinto and the State, 1868-1988 that Shinto is not a religion, this paper will contradict her perspective to consider Shinto as a religion in the period of 1868-1945, according to Emile Durkheim’s definition of religion. Thus, Shinto in this period qualifies as a religion because of its specific set of rituals, deities, and shrines. In addition, Hardacre states that Shinto still had a systematic
Christianity was based upon the life and oral teachings of Jesus of Nazareth and his followers throughout England and eventuality the world. Christianity is established by the Ten Commandments which state ten rules by which every Christian should follow. Shinto religion was an action-centred religion, which is focused on ritual practises to be carried out diligently. There are a few different types of Shinto religion such as, Shrine Shinto, Imperial Household Shinto, Folk Shinto, Sect Shinto and Koshinto. Christians believe in some very different things compared to the religions of the Japanese.
During World War II the Japanese had a very strong opinion about themselves. The Japanese were the absolute power holders, they decide everything. The thoughts of the Japanese being the creators, rulers of the universe, the source of all moral authority, and the supreme beings filled their minds. In the non-fiction book Flyboys written by James Bradley highlights the idea of the Japanese being the gods of the universe. During the World War II Christianity and the Japanese were compared.
Two examples of Shinto practices are: Omairi - This involves visitng a Shrine, cleansing oneself and praying/making offerings to the gods. Misogi - this is the practice involving purification in cold water in conjunction with prayers. This is a daily activity for regular practitioners, usually done at shrines or places of natural cold, clean water, i.e waterfalls. The Shinto rituals reinforce the principal beliefs of the religious tradition and therefore assist in and adherent’s overall search for
Japan had started with early nomads occupying the area, and had a unique system in which the emperor didn’t serve as the all powerful, which led t extended well-being of the government system. Emperors served as a face for power, but in medieval Japan, the growth of the idea of decentralizing had become prominent. The military system had also been different as opposed to other areas, where a samurai had protected the families of lords and
Japan’s rich history of power, wealth, and influence had many remarkable eras. One of the more notable periods in Japanese history was that of the Tokugawa Period (1600-1868). The Tokugawa Period was talked about in Musui’s Story, an autobiographical book, written by Kokichi Katsu. (Katsu ix) Katsu wrote Musui’s Story for three main reasons: to share how he had transformed from a low-ranking samurai to a well-known hero, to show his sense of self, and to serve as a cautionary tale for his descendants.
Morgan Pitelka’s article “The Empire of Things: Tokugawa Ieyasu's Material Legacy and Cultural Profile” is a piece which allows the reader to engage in an intellectually stimulating discussion about the material legacy of Tokugawa Ieyasu. This particular article paints Ieyasu in a positive light due to the fact that the cultural profile created is done so mainly through the use of a single source. Pitelka’s article discusses the life and legacy of Tokugawa Ieyasu. The article itself paints Ieyasu in a positive light due to the nature of the source used to create a cultural profile of the shogun.
Shintoism has a deep impact in the daily life of Japan. Shinto is a complex and compact religion that has devout and very spiritual followers. There are over 3 million followers of Shintoism, all mostly living in Japan (B.A. Robinson 2013, Shinto, an ancient Japanese religion). The art of Shintoism focuses on the natural beauties of the world, for example flowers and mountains are usually involved in most Shinto art. The architecture of Shinto is most recognized through the shrines.
Tokugawa rule brought unity and stability, but it did not prevent change. In the 1600s and 1700s, each of Japan’s main class-samurai, peasantry, and urban dwellers was gradually transformed. The samurai by custom were loyal, and proud, but two centuries of peace slowly dulled their fighting edge. As cities grew larger, Japan’s urban culture became increasingly sophisticated.
“To guard against external influence, they also worked to close off Japanese society from Westernizing influences, particularly Christianity. When the Tokugawa shogunate grew increasingly weak by the mid-19th century, two powerful clans joined forces in early 1868 to seize power as part of an “imperial restoration” named for Emperor Meiji.” This restoration was the beginning of the end of feudalism, or the way of structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour, in Japan. The Tokugawa regime acted to exclude missionaries because of suspicion of foreign intervention and colonialism. Eventually, they issued a complete ban on Christianity in Japan.
Regla de Ocha, or Santeria, is an Afro-Cuban religion that was born from the context of colonialism and oppression through the memories and experiences of Yoruba slaves in Cuba. It is a combination of beliefs and practices from their homeland in Nigeria, of Roman Catholicism that was imposed on them from the Spanish colonists and of French spiritism from the work of Allan Kardec. In the last couple decades, Santeria has spread and gained popularity throughout South America and North America as an Afro-Cuban religion that many Cubans and African Americans abroad have embraced. Throughout the years, Santeria has also changed and has been redefined in different contexts as it has made its way across the African Diaspora and into different types
Christianity has witnessed theological developments throughout history, adapting to contemporary challenges while remaining rooted in its core beliefs. The development of Christian doctrine has addressed various issues such as the nature of God, the divinity of Jesus Christ, salvation, and moral teachings. Shinto has also undergone transformations in relation to modern culture, adapting to societal changes while preserving its distinctive spiritual practices. The development of Shinto doctrine includes aspects such as the veneration of kami, the relationship with nature, and the role of rituals. Examining the development of doctrine in both Shinto and Christianity allows us to appreciate how these religions have responded to contemporary cultural shifts and addressed the spiritual needs of their respective
Religion in Western civilization has undoubtedly played a pivotal role in shaping and developing Western society. Regardless of the form of religion, such as polytheism or monotheism, people in ancient societies believed in a God or Gods. This belief in a higher power was an important part of human progression and expansion. Religion was the backbone of Western civilization and has always been a very important foundation of culture, schooling, philosophy, art, and social interaction. Before Judaism and Christianity, philosophers such as Aristotle ponder the thought of a higher power and in his book Metaphysics wrote about eternal motion was an unmoved mover.
1. Psychology of Religion Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud 's understanding of the psychology of religion comes from a place not without disdain. This might be somewhat understandable given he lived not too long removed from a time in which any statements that were deemed to be blasphemous could lead to very serious consequences for the author. He touches on this very point and even lists arguments against his coming out so vociferously against even the potential veracity of religion; however, he quickly attempts to demolish these arguments so as to make his real point (Freud, 2018, pp. 179,188). Put quite concisely, Freud explains that the idea of God is nothing short of an illusion – even a form of neurosis.
Interwoven Religions The interwoveness of the Daoism, Confucianism, and Shinto religions reveals itself
Currently, Japan is often known for having a very distinct culture, cultivated due to their relative isolation as an Island country. Indeed, many people reference the Tokugawa Edicts as the reason for this perception. However, while Japanese civilization is certainly a highly distinctive society, it also has strong ties to Chinese culture that began long before the Tokugawa era. In fact, as early as the first century A.D., the people of Japan were sending missions to China; they established a trade and tribute based relationship. This initial relationship gave way to the later Chinese influence that would shape Japan.