Essay On Congestive Heart Failure

Angina and Myocardial Infarction both occur due to low amounts of oxygenated blood in the tissues of the heart however in a myocardial infarction the tissue doesn’t just suffer for a short amount of time and then recovers like it would with angina, it actually dies. Mistovich & Karren (2013) state that tissue death usually occurs within the 20 to 30 minute window of oxygen starvation. Myocardial Infarction can be caused by coronary artery disease, like angina, and it too causes chest pain (Pollack, 2012). According to Daniel Limmer and Michael F. O’keefe (2008), on minimal occasions, the heart attack can be caused by an aneurysm which is when the heart’s coronary artery actually

Abraham Lincoln was shown to have a tall/thin build, a long face, and enormous hands and feet. He shares the same symptoms of an individual suffering from Marfan syndrome. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disease that affects the connective-tissue of an individual. The connective tissues help the human body grow and develop by holding cells, organs, and tissues together. This disease is caused by mutations in a gene called “FBN1”. This gene holds the information to make a protein known as “fibrillin-1”. This protein is responsible for repairing tissues and controlling the growth throughout the body. The FBN1 gene is responsible for this mutation. This gene can reduce the amount of healthy fibrillin-1 proteins, thus resulting in instable tissues

Sadly there are many pediatric heart conditions in the world that are treated every day, and many more arise as well these cases include ASD, VSD, PDA and TOF. The first major condition being Atrial Septal Defect (ASD). This defect is actually in the septum the wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart. A hole in the wall between the two upper chambers is called an atrial septal defect, or (ASD). This is one of the least complex forms of congenital heart defect of the many in infants, and was one of the first types to actually be repaired surgically. Normally, low-oxygen blood entering the right side of the heart stays on the right side, and subsequently oxygen-rich blood stays on the left side of the heart, where it is then pumped to the body and tissues. When a defect or "hole" is present between the atria (or upper chambers of heart), some oxygen-rich blood leaks back to the right side of the heart. It then goes back to the lungs even though it is already rich enough in oxygen. Because of this, there is a significant increase in the blood that goes to the lungs overall.

Keywords: Congenital, heart disease, cyanosis, oxygenated blood, deoxygenated blood, structural defects, systemic circulation, pulmonary circulation, Mottling, Pallor, Pulmonary Rales

There are certain medications to help treat a congestive heart failure. A few of the medications include ACE Inhibitors (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors). These help to open up arteries that have narrowed to allow better blood flow. If a patient cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors medication, vasodilators are also an option (Macon B.).

An unusual sound coming from the heart that can be detected by a stethoscope. These noises are caused by an abnormal turbulence produced when blood flows across one of the heart (valves, cardiac chambers) and or vessels close to the heart

Marty Smith is a 67-year-old male who has called 911 after experiencing chest pain and dizziness. The paramedics arrive and notice a bottle of nitroglycerin on the table. The patient states he has angina and is to take the medication as needed for chest pain. He took one pill an hour ago and a second pill 10 minutes prior to calling 911. Prior to this evening’s chest pain, he ate at a buffet and consumed 4 whiskey drinks. His ECG is not indicative of a myocardial infarction.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a dangerous and rare disorder. It is transferred through family generations because it is a genetic disease. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is referred to by many names including DMD, Duchenne Syndrome, and Pseudohypertrophy. DMD is when the body cannot make dystrophin so it results in muscle weakness.

A 19 year old black male patient (Siyabonga Nkosi, from Tembisa) was admitted to SBAH Internal medicine with history of syncope (2 episodes on different occasions), now occurring for the third time, it is associated with loss of consciousness and

Chronic Heart Failure is a condition where the heart has failed to support the physiological circulation needed to provide the organs and tissues of the body with nutrients and oxygen (Peate & Dutton 2012). This condition usually occurs because the muscles of the heart have weakened or are too stiff to work. There are several causes of CHF, including heart attacks, high blood pressure, cardiomyopathy, heart valve problems and structural changes to the myocardium; yet the type of CHF depends on which part of the heart is affected and the extent of the damage (NICE 2010). There are around 900,000 people in the UK who suffer from heart failure and within a year 30-40% of patients will die due to heart failure. Statistics show that the survival rate for CHF is worse than breast or prostate cancer.

Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in Australia and also the world, it affects 1.4 million Australians a year. In 2013 13% of all deaths were caused by coronary heart disease. In 2012 7.4 million people died as a result of heart disease.

Heart failure is when the heart is not functioning properly and becomes unable to supply the body properly with oxygen. Congestive heart failure is when this lack of function begins affecting the lungs ability to function normally by filling the alveoli with fluid. During normal functioning of the cardiovascular system, blood arrives at the right atrium of the heart via the vena cava. The right atrium empties blood into the right ventricle, which pumps it’s contents into the arterioles surrounding the alveoli of the lungs. From the lungs, the blood voyages to the left atrium of the heart. From there it is dumped into the left ventricle, which pumps it back out to the body eventually reaching the vena cava and thus completing the cycle.

A 75 year old female patient alert and oriented X 3, weigh 115 Lbs, her height 5?8??, has a hearing aid and wear glasses for reading. The presented Patient has a history of hypertension diagnosed with CHF on 2013, positive for Hepatitis B due to contaminated blood transfusion. Had a cervical dysplasia on 1994 resolved by a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy the following year. The patient was diagnosed for polyps and multiple diverticula at the age of 68. The Patient suffers of painful osteoarthritis of both knees, shoulder hips. Patient?s mother deceased at the age of 79 from breast cancer and her father deceased at the age of 54 from heart attack.

What type of shock is John exhibiting signs of? [1 mark] Give a rationale for your answer and relate this to four [4] of John’s clinical symptoms and observations. [4 marks for clinical symptoms & 4 marks for observations]

In Stage I of shock, when low blood flow (perfusion) is first detected, a number of systems are activated in order to maintain/restore perfusion. The result is that the heart beats faster, the blood vessels throughout the body become slightly smaller in diameter, and the kidney works