Sierra Leone Health Survey

3.8 MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM Childhood pneumonia is the single most leading cause of death among under-five children. According to 2000 WHO report around 156 million new episodes of childhood pneumonia occurred globally, in that 95% of them in developing countries, out of the above-mentioned cases 8.7% of pneumonia are life threatening and required hospital admissions (Rudan,2008). The incidence was estimated at 0.29 episodes per child-year in developing and 0.05 episodes per child year in developed countries (Rudan et al.2013). In the year 2010 the incidence was 0.22 episodes per child-year though it is reduced from the year 2000, it remains an important public health problem (CHERG, 2013). Africa and Southeast Asia are responsible for 70% of the worldwide deaths due to pneumonia (Singh 2005).

FAO reported that 2008 was the second largest crop in history. That same year, according to Action International, five million children died of hunger. It has been shown that the planet can produce food for a population more significant than the current one. However, 1.02 billion people suffer from famine (1 in 6.5), and 100 million more joined last years.

Maternal mortality is one of the leading causes of death among Afghan women. In fact, 83% of maternal fatalities are preventable. However, the majority of maternal deaths are caused by minor complications such as hemorrhage and eclampsia (Raja). In the “State of Afghanistan’s Midwifery”, Fatima Raja underlines, the importance of having “skilled attendants, such as midwives, nurses or doctors, who are proficient . . . [in] providing complete care” (11) during childbirth.

Plus 0.35% of children get cancer and is always being overlooked. Childhood cancer research is vastly and consistently underfunded. Childhood cancer is the leading cause of death by disease in children under the age of 15 in the U.S.One in 285 children in the U.S. will be diagnosed with cancer by the time they are 20 years old. Every year, an estimated 250,000+ new cases of cancer affect children under the age of 20 worldwide. Two-thirds of

Gall bladder cancer: The rates below are based on the stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis(published in the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual in 2010). Incidence of gall bladder cancer is steadily rising even approaching 20% in Ganga belt region. Below table showing how much fetal Stage Relative 5-Year Survival Rate 0 80% I 50% II 28% IIIA 8% IIIB 7% IVA 4% IVB 2% Cervix cancer:

The Mayo Clinic reports that in the first half of the 20th century, whooping cough was a leading cause of childhood illness and death in the U.S. (CDC, 2000). In 2010, an outbreak in California resulted in the illness of 9,477 and caused the death of ten infants (California Department of Public Health, 2010). This was the biggest outbreak of whooping cough since 1945. First documented in 1981, the epidemic we now know as HIV began to appear as a rare lung infection characterized by a weakened immune system. AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) -the final stage of HIV -is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States among people age 25 to 44 (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2012).

Both of these points with factual evidence can be deemed untrue, because in 2009, 92 percent of abortions were performed within the first trimester, 64 percent were performed at under eight weeks gestation, 7 percent were performed at 14–20 weeks’ gestation, and even fewer, 1.3 percent were performed greater than 21 weeks’ gestation. (Centers for Disease Control and

The health status of mothers in Turkey was below the desired level, but the data show some improvement in the last years. Prenatal care is one of the most important means intending to protect the health of the mother and child and is provided by health posts, health units,

One third of deaths, some 18 million people a year or 50,000 per day, are due to poverty-related causes. ("Poverty - New World Encyclopedia", 2017) Infectious diseases continue to stain the lives of the poor across the world. An estimated 40 million people are living with HIV/AIDS, with 3 million deaths in 2004. Every year there are 350–500 million cases o bf malaria, with 1 million fatalities: Africa accounts for 90

Maternal malnutrition and infant mortality rate are ranked high in Guatemala (Adams & Hawkins, 2007). All these issues result into heavy government expenditure in trying to provide food, education and medication to the vulnerable

The CDC abortion surveillance reports that in 2013, a total of 664,435 legal practiced abortions were recorded from their 49 reporting centers. The rate for the same year was 12.5 per 1000 women with the ages 15-44 years while the abortion rate at 200:1000 live births. The black women are 3.75 times more likely to terminate their pregnancy than their white counterparts. About 90% of the abortions occur in the first trimester. Since the legalization, the fatalities are still high compared to the 80s.

Planned Parenthood gives affordable healthcare through tax money and donations to the people of lower classes that cannot afford a regular healthcare provider. Last year, they received 528 million dollars which many other organizations, government officials, and presidential candidates do not agree with. Presidential candidates are among the many that still do not agree with funding Planned Parenthood with taxpayers money while men and women can not pay for any health care alone. One of the largest stereotypes about Planned Parenthood is that more abortions are made than any other practice. The largest service they perform is STI screenings which are 42 percent while abortions are only 3 percent.

But geographical environments and social conditions could increase the mortality dramatically. For example, Allhallows London Wall was one of the poorest, crowing and unsanitary area in London and its mortality was 508 per thousand live

Malaria occurs when blood parasites of an infected mosquito are transmitted from human to human. According to an article, “A child dies every minute from malaria in Africa where it is estimated that 9 out of 10 malaria deaths occur” (“World Health,” par. 3). Africa has become known for malaria deaths, but also that it kills an African child every minute. With the majority of Africa’s population being children, they become the victims of most diseases because they have the weakest immune systems. Malaria is known as a leading cause of sickness for children.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and the second in women worldwide,accounting for almost 10 % of all cases.{1,2} the USA and Europe have high rates compared to Africa and Asia.{3,4} Only in the United States, nearly 135,000 new cases diagnosed annually that about 50,000 people will die of the disease .{5, American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2015. Atlanta:American Cancer Society.2015 }In Iran CRC is the third most common cancer in women and the Fifth in men.{6} The biggest problem is the high ability of CRC to form secondary tumours, particularly in the lung and liver. Other complication connected to CRC is the high heterogeneity of the genetic and epigenetic changes among the individual