Sigmund Freud And Erikson's Psychosocial Theory Of Development

They are two very well-known developmental theories. There are many differences and similarities between the two theories. They both believed that personality develops in certain stages. However Freud’s theory is psychosexual development whereas Erikson’s theory is psychosocial development that takes place over a person’s whole life (Cherry, 2015). Freud focuses on the need for food and sex and Erikson focuses on the role of the environment and culture.

Freud believes this repression emerges later in life at one point or another. One writing to note in Freud’s The Psychopathology of Everyday Life, he says, ““As the indifferent memories owe their preservation not to their own content but to an associative relation between their content and another which is repressed, they have some claim to be called “screen memories’” (34). This is to pay attention and understand that his memories make him why he is

On the Contrary, Erickson (…………….) believed that there were eight stages of human development, he emphasised his development in terms of social and emotional development with each stage associated with social conflict or crisis while Vogotsky (………………) explain the theory of human development using the sociocultural theory. Vygotsky argued that children build their knowledge through social and cultural experiences. One of major criticism of Piaget theory of cognitive development is the use of strict stage time scale for each stage of development. Many researchers in their own opinion agreed that many children abilities overlap. (…………………

Drazenovich, G 2012, ‘A Foucauldian Analysis of Homosexuality’, Educational Philosophy and Theory, Vol. 44, no. 3,

Erik Erikson was a stage theorist that emphasized on psychosocial development. His theory is the expansion of the Freud’s psychosexual theory. Erikson claimed that the development of the personality is based on the eight stages of lifespan model of development which he proposed. The eight stages of the lifespan model of development consist of “Trust vs Mistrust”, “Autonomy vs Shame”, “Initiative vs Guilt”, “Industry vs Inferiority”, “Identity vs Role Confusion”, “Intimacy vs Isolation”, Generativity vs Stagnation” and “Ego Integrity vs Despair”. The first stage of our lifespan is “Trust vs Mistrust” stage.

Psychological Review, Apr 1991. Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Vol 98(2), 224-253. The result of the study proves how people of different cultures have strikingly different perceptions of the self and others. This highlights how culture influences the development of the child.

According to Freud and the psychodynamic perspective, depression is caused by unresolved conflicts between the conscious and unconscious mind. In order to achieve mental health and stability, one must resolve developmental conflicts, such as gaining trust, successful interpersonal relationships, etc. There are a multitude of psychodynamic theories as to why a person would develop depression. According to the article “Psychology of Depression - Psychodynamic Theories” by Rashmi Nemade and Natalie Staats Reiss, “Psychoanalysts historically believed that depression was caused by anger converted into self-hatred ("anger turned inward").”

Scambler’s perspective Scambler and Hopkins (1986), are the medical sociologists that have further developed the Goffman’s ideas of information management in their research of people with epilepsy (Cooke and Philipin, 2008). Based on Goffman’s (1968), stigma was known to signify an “ontological deficit” which was violating against the social norms of identity or being (Scambler, 2009). Scambler proposed stigma can be clearly understood by distinguished them into ‘felt’ and ‘enacted’ stigma (Scambler, 2009). Enacted stigma occurred when there was obvious discrimination against people in view of their socially unacceptability (Scambler, 2009). As for, felt stigma was the developed of feeling being shame which was associated with the

Child maltreatment is a crucial social problem which is related to a complex of various aspects of the functioning of society and its beneficial evolution. The growth of the level of attention devoted to the problems of upbringing resulted in the appearance of a number of important questions. The relations within a family, the condition sunder which a child grows and factors that influence the formation of his/her psyche are the major concerns related to the issue of child maltreatment and its investigation. A number of scientists seek to determine the impact it might has on the further life of a child and his/her socialization. Additionally, the reconsideration of the approach towards psychosis and numerous attempts to elucidate the main concepts

In 1923, Sigmund Freud proposed his theory that the make-up of an individual’s personality is largely governed by three fundamental components: the id, the ego, and the superego. Working through the unconscious and shaping behavior according to psychological fixations and conflicts or lack thereof, these elements evolve through five levels of psychosexual development (Freud, 1962). However, in spite of its compelling approach to the phenomenon, Freud’s structural theory of personality is riddled with limitations and as such, is subject to much criticism. The mind is layered into three states: the conscious, referring to the thoughts currently in our forefront; the preconscious, idle thoughts that can be easily accessed and brought to the conscious; and the unconscious, which houses the more instinctual drives that are repressed because it threatens the conscious’ equilibrium (Cloninger, 1996).

Briefly, attachment theory is one of the influential developmental concept that underlines the human behavior and interaction and in addition to psychopathology and psychotherapy (Mickelson et al., 1997). It has been argued that attachment theory can contribute our understanding of psychosis development and maintenance (Liotti &Gumley, 2009). Psychosocial models of psychosis took attachment theory as their reference to examine psychosis development (Read & Gumley, 2010). Evidence from Dozier (1990) and Dozier et al.(1991) underlined that psychosis patients significantly had high levels of insecure attachment when compared to non psychotic patients. In particular, associations between avoidant attachment and psychosis found (Berry et al., 2008).

His book arises many questions about groups, such as how do groups influence people’s behaviors? Or how much is one willing to do to fit into one’s group? In Freud book “Group Psychology & the Analysis of the Ego”, he talks a lot about Group Psychology and conformity. Conformity refers

No two people are the same and the way each one of us develops is a mystery we can only explain by a set of theories. For this assignment the theory that aligns with my worldview is one proposed by Erik Erikson known as the Psychosocial Theory. Erik Erikson was one of many followers of Sigmund Freud who believed the unconscious mind and earl childhood development influence the way we think and behave in our lifetime. Erikson stresses that cultural diversity, social change, psychological crises during our life determine the outcome of these eight developmental stages from birth till death (Berger, 2014). Although we all go through these eight stages, the outcome for each individual will be different.

German psychologist Erik Erikson developed the eight psychosocial stages to explain the maturation of humanbeings. In this theory, stage five spans from twelve to eighteen years old- or the period commonly known as adolescence. This stage is defined by a recurring sense of role confusion and changing identities. After this period ends, a definite identity is solidified and adulthood sets in.