Sigmund Freud's 'Beyond The Pleasure Principle'
In 1920 Sigmund Freud described the id, ego and superego in his essay “Beyond the Pleasure Principle.” He introduced the idea of defence mechanisms, which we humans use to suppress anxiety created when we feel we cannot do what we want and still be rational. While Freud was the first to describe the concept of these mechanisms, it was one of his colleagues who identified one defence mechanism in particular a few years earlier. In 1908, Ernest Jones wrote the article “Rationalization in Every-Day Life”. In his article, he stated that “Everyone feels that as a rational creature he must be able to give a connected, logical, and continuous account of himself, his conduct, and opinions, and all his mental processes are unconsciously manipulated and revised to that end.” https://insight.kellogg.northwestern.edu/article/rationalization_in_decision_making American psychologist Abraham Maslow conducted research to decode the factors that motivate human behaviour and came to five categories of needs. Based on this classification, Maslow made three suggestions to explain human motivation. First, people are constantly trying to better meet their needs and they want more and more, based on what they have each time. The degree of satisfaction of needs changes and the effort to satisfy them does not stop as long as they live. …show more content…
On the one hand, there is a tendency to explore, treat, experience, choose and enjoy. It is a trend that consists of a group of forces that pushes us forward, towards the completion of our self and the full operation of all our abilities. On the other hand, there is the power of the unsatisfied needs of our defence “system” against fear, pain, loss, etc. which makes people regress, fear to move forward, grow, risk, fear independence and freedom. For this reason, development is a process of free choice that we face every moment of our life. That means that our will determines our
Alderfer's Hierarchy Of Needs Analysis
951 Words | 4 PagesThe depth and complexity of the human drive is something that has been studied by scholars for a long time. What makes us do what we do? What makes people get up every morning? What makes people work through pain, through trials? Motivation, as defined by Webster, is “a force of influence that causes someone to do something”.
Costco Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs
314 Words | 2 PagesMaslow's hierarchy of needs theory is the most widely used organization theory of motivation. Maslow's need to be divided into five classes which are physiological needs, security needs, social needs, the need to be respected and self - achievement needs, in turn from low to high level. Physiological: Costco takes care of the employees' needs! Costco helps their employees through the recession.
Examples Of Resilience In Death Of A Salesman
1206 Words | 5 PagesFreud believes defense mechanisms “protect the conscious mind from contradictions between the animalistic id and the idealistic superego” (Cherry, Kendra). In Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, the id is one’s desires, and the superego is the idealistic center of the mind (Cherry, Kandra). The rational part of the mind, or the ego, “is responsible for managing the impulses of the id” and often resorts to defense mechanisms as a temporary escape from the conflicts between the id and superego (Cherry, Kandra). The defense mechanism Willy uses is Fantasy, which includes daydreaming, and by applying Freud’s theory, Willy’s daydreaming is a factor that helps to repress the desire of becoming successful and the moral understanding of there being failure. Yet, this method of coping is more constant rather than temporary within Willy, causing him to steer more into having severe
Superego In Lord Of The Flies
522 Words | 3 PagesOne of Freud’s theories is that the “Id – Ego combination dominates a person’s behavior until social awareness leads to the emergence of the superego, which recognizes that
Alderfer Vs Abraham Maslow
179 Words | 1 PagesAs the business environment evolves, so does the need for motivating people in order to increase productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness. With this in mind, managers are consistently balancing the company’s requirements with the needs of individuals who support the organization. Clayton Alderfer looks at the Abraham Maslow’s motivational theory and expands the principle. Maslow’s claims that if a person is lacking food or shelter, then they will not care about security. Additionally, he believed that self-actualization needs are not considered unless one external condition promotes healthiness, safety, and emotional stability.
Abercrombie's Theory Of Motivation
965 Words | 4 PagesMotivation is a strong internal force that drives one to get what they need. In 1943, an American psychologist named Abraham Maslow developed a theory of hierarchy involving needs that are driven by motivation. Our basic needs from most important to least are physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, and esteem needs. The lower needs cannot not be obtained without first fulfilling our higher needs (D. Jary and J. Jary 2006).
Piaget And Maslow Case Study
1138 Words | 5 PagesThese demands are ranked in the order that they most preoccupy the individual. To illustrate, an individual is not preoccupied by physiological needs such as hunger or thirst, he is then free to seek out that which gives him a sense of safety; moreover, if the individual isn’t preoccupied with finding a safety, warmth, and shelter, he can spend time time seeking out companionship (Huitt, 2007). Maslow proposes 8 levels of motivational needs, the first four, termed the deficiency needs, need to be fulfilled before the second four, the growth needs, can be adressed. The deficiency needs are: bodily needs, the need for safety, social needs, and self esteem. The Growth needs are: the search for understanding, the need to be aesthetically pleased, self actualization, and finally, self-transcendence, which is the highest level, where one has acquired wisdom (Huitt,
Freud's Psychosexual Analysis
907 Words | 4 PagesIn this article, the author comparing the counseling process and its outcome metaphorically to Freud 's psychosexual stage idea of personality progress. He focuses on similarities between the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages of both Freud 's idea and the counseling route, leading to fresh awareness into the nature of the counseling relationship. To define term of metaphora :"metaphors intend to suggest, and thus to reveal, certain images which enable us to see a likeness between initially different events"(Garcia, John L,2001). That is to explain this comparison is to prove how metaphors can be used to make uncertain experiences; and to offer an idea for refreshing the clinical perspective on the nature of the counseling relationship. Sigmund Freud, was one of the most influential people of the twentieth century ,he was the founding father of psychoanalysis, a method for treating mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior.
Frederick Herzberg's Theory Of Motivation
791 Words | 4 PagesMotivation is an important thing in our life. without motivation no one can live because it helps anyone to achieve his goals for example if a person in the school or college study to get a good mark in the exam so if his parent motivates him he will spend more hours to study to the exam and he will not only get a good mark but he will get a full mark. So motivation help everyone to study or work hard to achieve his goal. Motivation is the characteristic that helps to achieve the goals of a person and it is the energy that keep everyone going even when they fall. There are many theories for motivation there is two that is good to talk about it.
Assignment Questions: Cheating Is A Ethical Decision Making
982 Words | 4 PagesSome early theories of motivation are, Hierarchy of Needs Theory, Theory X & Y, Two-Factor Theory and McClelland’s Theory of Needs. They are applicable in different ways, as listed below. >Hierarchy of Needs Theory Maslow - within every human being there are 5 needs (from low to high): Physiological, Safety, Social, Esteem, Self-Actualization (drive to become, highest on hierarchy). >Theory X and Y McGregor - X = employees dislike work; Y = employees enjoy work.
Lack Of Motivation: A Case Study
1215 Words | 5 PagesAccording to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, there are five broad motivational needs classified into basic needs and growth needs (Kaur, 2013). The basic needs include, esteem, psychological, love and safety. On the other hand, growth needs involve self-actualization. In this regard, Maslow stipulated that individuals are motivated to attain certain needs (Kaur, 2013). These needs are arranged in such a way that the lower needs must be met before the higher ones.
Sigmund Freud's Contribution To Psychology
701 Words | 3 PagesContributions to Psychology Sigmund Freud was the first who use the term psychoanalysis in 1896. From that point his theories blossomed. Freud did not invent the terms unconscious, conscious or conscience. However he was successful in making them popular. Freud attained this through his theory of psychological reality, id, ego, and superego.
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