Sigmund Freud's Personality Theory And Personal Development
The psychoanalytic theory is the brainchild of Sigmund Freud. It was developed in the late 19th century. In his theory he argues that childhood is the main determinant of how an individual’s personality is developed. Freud claims that personality is developed when a person is in their childhood and this continues to be shaped through five psychosexual stages. In each stage, the child is faced with the conflict between biological urges and social expectations and the how they handle the conflict affects their personality when they become fully mature. Three parts of the human mind namely id, ego and superego, interact both consciously and unconsciously to form the development structure of an individual’s behavior and ultimately their personality. …show more content…
The first is known as the oral stage and begins after birth and ends when one reaches one and a half years. During this stage, almost all the things a child does involves attempts to satisfy oral urges. Difficulties in this stage could lead to an oral personality upon reaching adulthood, leading to smoking, drinking and overdependence on other people. The second stage has to do with anal urges. It is during this period where one learns and develops healthy toilet habits. If one is fixated in this stage, they can either become messy or perfectionists in adulthood. This ends when the child attains the age of 3 years. The phallic stage then begins and continues until they are 5 years old. It is then that a child develops healthy attraction and love to a parent of the opposite gender. Sexual deviations may occur in future if the person experiences difficulty in this stage. The individual then progresses to develop sexual attraction towards the opposite sex but these feelings and emotions are dormant. This 4th stage is known as the latency period and continues until the individual reaches puberty. The fifth stage is known as the genital period and continues to adulthood. The dormant sexual emotions awaken. During this period, all the elements of the 4 previous stages are encompassed into the human mind and healthy sexual behavior and emotions are formed. Freud states that as a person undergoes these stages, their experiences are processed through the id, ego and superego and how the child copes with the inherent conflicts determines how they cope with similar conflicts as mature
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