Melissa Ramos
Ancient Egypt
1. Significant events and wars: List four to six significant events and/or wars that shaped the culture. Write two to three sentences per event/war describing what happened and how it changed the culture at large. Cite your sources.
Battle of Kadesh (http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/ramseskadeshcampaign.htm)
The Battle of Kadesh was fought between the Egyptians and the Hittites to gain control Syria. This battle took place in the reign of Ramses II. The battle of Kadesh ended in favor of Amurru to Egypt.
Battle of Pelusium (http://www.ancient.eu/article/43/)
The Battle of Pelusium was one of the first major battles between the burgeoning Achaemenid Empire and Ancient Egypt. The battle was fought in
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This battle took place in 1457 BC and resulted in an Egyptian Victory.
2. Religion: include information about their belief system, what powers did their god or gods have, prayer routine, etc. Two paragraphs. Also provide a short list of the major gods and their supposed powers. Cite your sources. (http://www.aldokkan.com/religion/religion.htm)
Egyptian religion was a mix of beliefs and practices; In which, their religion would include mythology, science, spiritualism, herbology. As in most Ancient cultures, religion played a significant amount in every aspect of the lives of the Ancient Egyptians. They had these Gods that were characters in myths the ancient Egyptians believed that had a role to explain the universe. All of these myths were influenced by things the Egyptians would see: water, sun, nature and animals.
In ancient Egypt, they also has temples to honor and worship the gods. These temples had large statues, beautiful gardens and a lot more. They also had festivals and took part in these rituals: Wepet Renpet,The Sed Festival, The Festival of Khoiak. During these times, they had only a few religious texts: the pyramid texts, The Rosetta stone and the Book of the
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Ra is the ancient Egyptian sun god. He is the father of the gods and is usually depicted with the body of a human and the head of a falcon.
Isis was a fertility goddess and a mother goddess.She was the sister-wife of Osiris and the mother of Horus.
Horus was a sun god and the king of the gods. “The living Horus” was one of the pharaoh’s titles and emphasized his right to rule Egypt like Horus ruled the gods.
Anubis is the god of death and dying. He is also considered to be the god of the underworld.
The pharaoh that I chose was Ramses the II. Ramses the II was crowned to be pharaoh of egypt in 1279 B.C. Ramses the II was born on 1303 B.C then at the time of 1213 B.C he died. Ramses the II ruled egypt for sixty-seven years in total. Ramses the II was the third pharaoh in the nineteenth dynasty. When Ramses the II was the pharaoh he was sometimes called “the great”.
Anubis was the god of embalming and the dead, he is one of the most iconic gods in ancient Egypt . References to Anubis are found in texts dating back to the Old Kingdom. His fame lasted until the Middle Kingdom . Anubis was guardian and protector of the dead, he originally was the god of the underworld but he then got associated with the embling process and funeral rites. Anubis is the Greek translation of what the ancient Egyptians called him Inpu or Anpu.
Worn to fend off evil an amulet requested for protection of am immortal for its wearer among the most influential symbols were the crafted designed single eye of Horus and the ankh The 'Ankh', was also known as key of everlasting life, it was shown as a "cross with a handle" that represented constant life. The 'Ankh' was often shown with Egyptian Kings, images and hieroglyphs of ancient Egyptian gods and goddesses. It was held in the hands of the gods as a symbol of their power to give life/take it away. The symbol of the ankh meant “life” and was often used as an amulet, as a significant representation of both physical and eternal life.
Religion was one of the most important and influential aspect of the ancient Egyptians’ lives. Religious impact affected almost everything in Ancient Egypt from the most important to very minor thing. Ancient Egyptian literature, philosophy, art and also governance had religious sense. Egyptian religion developed from simple polytheism to philosophic monotheism. Ancient Egyptian religion also has a great influence on government, medicine, art, and by means of these factors influenced Egyptians as well.
Warfare The Egyptians were much feared warriors in the ancient world. They fought with new never seen before weapons and battle tactics. Although there were many nations the Egyptians attacked or were attacked by, the main enemies of ancient Egypt were the Hyksos, Hatti, and Libyans. The Hyksos were not a very big nation, but introduced lots of weapons and techniques to the Egyptians, including the composite bow, horse and chariot, and better battle axes.
Egyptian Mythology has many major deities that contribute to Egyptian lore. They all lead to a lesson or reason of past behavior and are all known for many things. Although Osiris is best known for being the Egyptian God of the afterlife, he is also known for having a myth influence on the modern day world and an act of heroism. Osiris first made an appearance in Egyptian texts at the end of the Fifth Dynasty. This Dynasty was from 2500 to 2350 B.C.E (Bleiberg243).
Hades is the God of the underworld as well as the God of Wealth. His other two
He is considered the god of gods and was an important figure in Greek culture. He was worshipped and depicted in many different stories and forms. Cronus is the god of time and age. He was a Titan, and took the throne from his father and became the king of the Titans. According to (Littleton, C. Scott.
He was the son of Nut and Geb, and he was one of the five original gods, Horus, Isis, Osiris, Set, and Nephthys. He was known to protect people. Whenever people back in Ancient Egypt had troubles doing something, they would call Horus or help. Ancient Egyptians also thought that the pharaoh was “the living” Horus.
Ra, also known as Re, was the sun god and the most important of the ancient Egyptian gods. He was a man with a hawk head and wore a headdress with a sun disk. It is believed that people were created from his tears and that if a person goes to Egypt and looks at the noon sun they will see his eye. He created himself out of a mound and also created Shu and Tefnut to shape the Earth, but now he travels in his solar boat across the sky.
The Ancient Egyptians believed in many deities. They often believed that their gods and goddesses lived everywhere like places as : the sky, the sun and the afterworld. Their religion was Polytheism. The Egyptians had over 2000 gods and goddesses. Some important gods and goddesses in Ancient Egypt are Osiris, Thoth, Ra, Seth and Anubis.
In ancient Egyptian culture there are many gods who have been associated with the Moon, three of which being Thoth, Khonsu, and Iah. Khonsu, the god of the light in the night, held many other titles. The name Khonsu means "traveler," but he has also been called "embracer," "pathfinder," and "defender." The ancient Egyptians believed that Khonsu would watch over and protect travelers through the night, a task made easier by the light of the Moon. They also believed that he used the shine of the crescent moon to make women conceive, cattle to become fertile, ripen fruits, and grow plants.
Egyptians depended on the good will of their gods to give them what they wanted. The way they practiced religion is different from how modern people practice their religion. Modern people whose attendance is expected at a church, mosque, or temple. Egyptian lives were so filled with gods they felt no need to set aside special times for praying together. Only on rare festival days might groups congregate outside a temple to witness a performance of holy rites.
Born into an era of great social and political upheaval, Tutankhamun (meaning “the living image of Aten”) was born in 1341 B.C.E, as the Pharaoh at the time (Akhenaten) was changing religious and social beliefs. Akhenaten was converting the Egyptian public from a polytheistic religious belief, to a monotheistic belief, only worshiping one God, Aten the Sun Disk. Through these converted beliefs, the Egyptian public was in chaos. Following a seventeen reign through a more autocratic and corrupt regime, Akhenaten was most likely forced to abdicate from his throne. He died soon after, leaving the throne of Egypt to his eldest son, Tutankhamun.
Military conflicts, from past to present, have also played an integral part in shaping Egypt’s society. Once ruled by a Pharaoh, bordered by seas, and protected by a harsh climate, ancient Egypt did not protect its civilians with an adequately prepared military force. Therefore, ancient Egypt experienced its first defeat in battle against Hyskos. This defeat led to the building of an improved militant force to protect the Pharaoh and Egypt’s citizens. By sharing ideas with other regions and utilizing a new technology to build better weapons, battle weapons grew to include bows and arrows, shields, sickle swords, daggers, and spears made from bronze, stone, and iron.