Born with a “Silver Spoon”: The Origin of World Trade in 1571 Summary
The world has experienced many rises and falls of empires. From the sixteenth century to the seventeenth century the expeditation of silver stimulated the economy and affected many countries. New technology, trade routes, connections, and more have developed from the rise of silver. The reading Born with a “Silver Spoon '': The Origin of World Trade in 1571 clearly depicts how the increased bloom of silver influenced many countries' contributions to developing a new world trade system by China's consumption of silver adjacent to the rest of the world's production of silver. Ultimately, reliance on silver boosted Asia's trade, expedited Spain's profits, and established
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Silver boosted trade across the world but especially in Asia. China's high demand for silver, driven by its growing economy and population, led to a surge in global silver production. This, in turn, facilitated international trade and commerce, as silver became a widely accepted medium of exchange across continents. In Asia, silver became the primary means of exchange, and its availability and abundance helped spur trade and commerce, connecting different regions within Asia and the rest of the world. In Japan, for instance, the influx of silver contributed to the development of a market economy, which transformed the country's feudal system. Japanese silver was extremely valuable to China just as the Ming territory's gold and copper were of value to Japan (Flynn and Arturo 1995, 207). This exchange was beneficial to both parties since China prospered off of …show more content…
The influx of silver into Europe allowed European countries to become major players in the global trade system, establishing relations with other continents and trading partners. Europe, prior to the rise of silver, was in a trade deficit with east Asia resulting from their taste for Asian finery and Asia’s indifference towards European luxuries (Flynn and Arturo 1995, 203). America's supply of silver to Europe generated intrigue for Asia which created a path for New World Silver to travel from Europe to Asia and the flow of gold out of Asia to the West. This was assisted by the Manila galleons which transported tremendous amounts of treasures for America's benefit (Flynn and Arturo 1995, 215). America had a desire for Asian goods which was the source of the Asian-American trade deficit. Not only did Europe end its trade deficit with Asia but combated America's trade deficit as well. While Europe was a silver provider to Asia they were disposable and acted as reinforcements in case of Portuguese expulsion from Japan. Their ability to be a middleman notably benefited their economy and was their step into a new world of
The flow of silver from 1500 to 1750 C.E. drastically improved the economies of Latin American nations, which in turned allowed for a global shift in currency and altered trade. Also during this time period there was also a greater desire for global expansion and imperialism, as seen when Europe expanded towards the Americas. Interconnected trade allowed for more contact between various nations, but it also supported the idea that certain nations were superior. While Latin America was the source of the economic prosperity that occurred in this time period, nations such as Europe benefited largely as well; since Spain and Portugal still had control over the areas where silver was being mined, they were able to take the rewards and distribute for their benefit. Documents 2 and 4 describe how silver has become the leading trade object in East Asia.
Columbian Exchange allowed the change of animals, plants, trade, and technologies flourished the economy in different countries. One of these exchanged products, sliver, played an important role in social and economic role in Ming Dynasty, Spanish Empire, Japan and England. Japan and England benefited by the flow of silver, since Japan located at the mine center with numerous sliver, and England emerged in Asian trade networks . Spain in another way, was befitted at the beginning, but then Spain economy was ruined by silver. Moreover, silver brought more negative effects on economy and social life for Ming Dynasty and their solutions provided, since Ming Chinese government required taxes in silver.
Throughout the 1500’s to 1700’s, silver had become increasingly valued and desired by many countries. Europeans generally measured the wealth of a country by how much silver it had accumulated, as most western European countries followed mercantilist economic policies. Therefore, many countries set policies designed to control the system of silver within and around their borders. Due to this new global flow of silver, the world experienced various social and economic effects. Socially, silver promoted changes in government regulation, the ways Europeans displayed their wealth, and relationships between countries.
There were Spanish American countries involved, the Europeans and Chinese were active around the flow of silver. Major silver mines were located in Mexico, South America, and in Japan. (Doc,1). Trading of silver flow allowed many countries to experiencing having goods, especially the Portuguese. This was giving the global trading a good effect, allowing different and luxurious items come into their world.
However, an imbalance of trade occurred between Asia and Europe by Asia receiving luxury goods while Europe received regular goods. It was believed that Asia had the upper-hand during the trade, due to the fact that they were receiving the gold and silver. In reality, Asia wasn’t sure on how to benefit from the luxury, and in result proved that the ones who had the upper-hand didn’t always have to be responsible of trading luxury (Doc. 8).
That purpose was for Europeans to trade with Asians, and the other way around. Another of
Silk was considered a highly desired commodity across Eurasia. One reason behind this was the fact that silk was used as currency and as a means of accumulating wealth in Central Asia. It then became a symbol of high status in other parts such as China. It also became associated with the sacred expanding world religions of Buddhism and Christianity. There were various major economic, social, and cultural consequences of Silk Road commerce.
From 1500 to 1750, silver production in the world was led by Spanish Colonial America and Tokugawa Japan. Silver trade was lead through a connection between four great continents, but there was no direct trade link between America and Asia. In that time, limits were placed on the amount of silver spent, prices increased and decreased depending on the supply of silver and silver production led to more importation and exportation of goods, as well as new ways to pay also developed due to silver production. In the 1570s, the Ming Chinese government stated that all taxes and trade fees should be paid in silver. Most silver flowed over the Pacific, out of Acapulco, to Manila, ending in China.
With the globalization of this trade, it impacted many empires in the Americas and Afro-Eurasia. Once the global silver trade started in the sixteenth century, empires across Afro-Eurasia and the Americas were affected socially, such as Native Americans having to overwork themselves because of the Spanish desire for silver, and economically, with a change in
Trade has been a driving force in global history, shaping societies and economies across the world. It helped bring in many resources to other countries through cultural diffusion and opened new opportunities for citizens. Nevertheless, trading has also caused overproduction in certain areas and limited resources available. Trade has been shown in global history through Middle Eastern trade routes (Document 1), Timbuktu during the height of the Mali Empire (Document 2), and Caravans from the northern coast (Document 2). Trade had a significant impact on culture and society.
However, it was really China who was driving global silver trade, not Europe. China had goods such as gunpowder, the compass, silk, and porcelain. The flow of silver trade during the mid-16 century to the early 18 century had a profound impact on the world, due to the demand of Chinese goods and ideas heard along the trade routes, enabling economies and societies to benefit internationally. China's location along the silk roads allowed it easy access to water, which in turn, formed successful international relationships such as with the trading port of Manila which was an important hub for Asian and European trade. Not only was the Philippines benefiting from China’s silver distribution, a Spanish scholar, Tomas de Mercado, in 1571, explained how people in Europe also had a strong desire for China’s goods.
The China economy was affected because of the globalization of silver that cause more people to be alter in ways. Most reasonable result of the silver being global, is the ‘greed’ that was direct towards money alone. People of the era all had thoughts of the changes. In Document 1, by a county official named Ye Chunji, wrote on the greed of the Chinese people. He stated how “The frugal man with only one bar of silver currency can have something left over, whereas the extravagant man with a thousand can still not have enough.”, telling how the men with enough money or silver coins to support their life, is still not satisfied with that amount, yet the men with just one bar of silver can be happy with just that because they can live off that alone for some time.
Both of these contributed to a more global commerce since new crops could now be introduced to the Old World and silver was highly valued all over the world. The European settlers were aware of the aforementioned facts and took advantage of the rich lands that could be found in the Americas. They farmed extensively, and the Native American techniques for harvesting in difficult land helped them. Furthermore, knowing that South America had rich silver deposits, the mined for the valuable material to export it for profit. This remained mostly unchanged during this time since Europeans had no need to look for other sources of profit.
Japan and Korea were able to advance their way of life due to the broad acceptance of the Chinese culture. The cultural exchange resulted from immigration and trade within the region of East Asia. Japan and Korea were very assertive in maintaining the relationship among countries within the continent which assisted in maintaining strong and consistent trading. Trade originated in East Asia as early as the first century. Trade in China began in the regions of Han; the downfall of the Han dynasty resulted in regional division within East Asia.
Having the use of trade available to different nations made it easier to focus on aspects of receiving the raw materials to make countries more valuable. According to a reliable source, “Overseas colonies could serve as reliable sources of raw materials not available in Europe that came into demand because of industrialization” (911). This meant that they could get rubber from rubber trees in the Congo River basin and Malaya and use it to make many things, from tires to pipes. Tin came from colonies in southeast Asia and copper came from central Africa. Tin and copper were mostly used to make tools and weapons.