During the late medieval world a crisis prevailed and because of it, Western Europe had to take new directions. Specifically, one can find evidence of the crisis and new directions by studying a letter Martin Luther wrote to the Archbishop of Mainz as well as the 95 Theses he nailed to the door of the Catholic Church. Martin Luther did both of these things specifically to protest the sale of indulgences that the Archbishop had authorized as well as stop the finances of the cathedral the Archbishop wanted to build. Based on these two important documents, Luther argues about the crisis of the Late Medieval world and how new directions needed to be taken in areas of religion, politics, and economics. Martin Luther’s letter and 95 Theses focused …show more content…
Martin Luther was a strong believer in faith and Luther believed faith alone saved you not by actions. As for the Catholic Church, they believed that you were only rewarded with faith if one was doing good deeds and spreading love; Martin Luther disagreed in many things over all with the church and church leadership which is why he wrote this letter and hung the 95 theses on the doors of the church. Another huge disagreement Luther had with the church was the belief in absolute authority of the Pope of Rome in the Catholic Church. Martin Luther disagreed with this because he felt the obvious head of authority was Christ alone and that no authority figure from the church was needed. God might have given some authority to some people in leadership but overall God was the divine leader. These opinionated statements Luther had was a strong factor in writing the two documents to the Catholic …show more content…
The archbishop was the one who was in charge of financial and political aspects involving the Catholic Church. There were many issues with economics like a total lack of funding for things that were necessary. Luther’s main reason for nailing the 95 Theses on the door of the Catholic Church was his belief of corruption coming from the Archbishop. The Archbishop was offering indulgences to the people claiming that if they paid for them, they would be forgiven of their sins entirely. This was why Martin Luther wrote what he did to voice his opinion on how the financial and political aspect of the Catholic Church was so corrupt. At this point in time, this was the first real start of the Protestant Reformation as a whole and the citizens were sure to spread it quickly. The citizens were sick and tired of the corruption of the pope and the demand that God could only be realized through direct communication. The Reformation opened up their minds to new beliefs and understandings and Martin Luther’s letter really opened up peoples’ eyes to the corruption that was taken
However, Henry VIII’s actions led to his three heirs, who helped transform the church; Edward VI wrote the first Book of Common Prayer that became the order for all services in the church of England, Mary Tudor decided to bring the nation back to Catholicism, and Elizabeth I inaugurated the beginning of religious stability in the Anglican Church. Although King Henry VIII changed the legality of the Church, he did not bring about revolutionary religious change in comparison to Martin Luther. Martin Luther’s writings caused the Protestant Reformation. His main ideas of the Bible being the primary source of religious authority and his justification through faith, shaped
1) The printing press, introduced between mid 1400s to early 1500s, allowed for ideas to spread more rapidly as well as impact a larger number of people since it allowed for material to be printed at a faster rate which highly contributed to the Reformation era. Luther wrote primarily in Latin; nonetheless, his writings were printed in German, which was significant because this translation of the New Testament not only promoted literary among the commoners, but it also gave them the ability to understand the word of God (“Luther” n.p.). 2) The important document written by Martin Luther in the early 1500s that outlined his position on the perceived “abuses” by the Roman Catholic Church was titled “The 95 Theses.”
At the year 1524, Martin Luther, a significant figure in the Reformation and the founder of Lutheranism, had just finished hiding in Frederick the Wise’s Saxony castle after the Edict of Worms declared that he was an “outlaw” of the Holy Roman Empire. Luther’s action that led up to this event was the publication of the 95 Theses in 1517, which denounced indulgences and attacked the corruption of the papacy. Luther was able to remain hidden due to the extreme decentralization of the Holy Roman Empire. Emperor Charles V could not devote much of his attention to Luther, as he was controlling Spain, The Holy Roman Empire, and the New World.
Martin Luther’s reasons for challenging the Catholic church changed after he translated the New Testament. Before the New Testament was translated (document A), Martin Luther had a very respectful tone displayed through his writing. In document A, Luther was bothered by the practice of indulgences, but continued in his letter to say that he was not blaming anyone. 18 years later in Document B, Luther had translated the New testament and realized that the Pope was misinterpreting the scriptures. He was then very disrespectful through his words and blamed the Pope for taking people’s money and by so believing that the person who paid for the indulgence was saved.
Luther believed that salvation was achieved by the grace of god and not by doing the work that the church demanded. The Reformation was so much more than a religious revolution even though it started out with a religious nature, it exceeded pass religion.
As Luther is fighting the corrupt Papacy he writes this, “Faith is a living, bold trust in God’s grace, so certain of God’s favor it would risk death a thousand times trusting in it.” Luther writes this to show what true religion is, to show what a truly faithful person should do, believe in their God and give him every bit of faith from someone's person. The Papacy hates Luther not because he is wrong, but because he is right, which means if Luther was right and the masses believed him all the power that was held by the church would crumble into nothing; most importantly though the Papacy members personal power would crumble into nothing. During the early phases of the Reformation, Luther wrote the 95 Theses, which described everything he found wrong with the church at this time. The Theses was the catalyst, which set off the ticking time bomb of corruption and irreverence.
People were unhappy with the way the clergy were treating their people and it was clear that corruption was throughout the Catholic church. The state of the Catholic church, while significant, was simply a backdrop for Martin Luther in his early life. Ironically, he was on the side of the Catholic church in his early life; he was “a university professor of theology and a member of the Catholic clergy,” (Dutton, 390). This close integration with the church made it surprising that he was the one to lead a religious reformation. However, it was his knowledge of scripture that made his message so
However, that was not the response. The Ninety-Five Theses were translated into German and became “the talk of all Germany” (Bainton, 83). Quickly Luther went from being a young man unsure about his place in the world due to his father’s resentment to a young man heading a reformation, in this way Luther had the role of leadership thrust upon him. He did not post the theses because he wanted the limelight or because he was attempting to spearhead a movement, rather he was looking for debate among people he looked up to and trusted.
1. The Reformation was a period where men like Martin Luther challenged the teachings and authority of the Roman Catholic Church. However, before the Reformation, the Church had to deal with problems such as the Sack of Rome. In 1527, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, had his own troops come against the city of Rome, take the city over, and imprison Pope Clement VII. While the Church was trying to deal with outer conflicts, there was a problem that was rising from within.
(Syllabus, 25). These two theses show the fraudulence that was occurring in the church, especially the Pope giving people “a key to heaven” if they were to purchase in indulgence. To sum up, Martin Luther helped spread the Protestant Reformation in order for a better and more fair, religious experience
In Martin Luther’s story To the Christian Nobility, Luther has two main complaints about the pope and Catholicism. Luther’s first complaint attacks the Catholic Church for, “selling “indulgences” to absolve sin.” (Martin Luther To the Christian Nobility, pg. 756) Luther believed that “humans could not reach salvation by their own acts, but only God could bestow salvation by faith.” (www.history.com/topics/martin-luther-and-the-95-theses) Luther also voices a complaint about the pope and how is merely a mortal man who is imperfect as all humans are and states, “their claim that only the pope may interpret Scripture…trying to persuade us that the pope cannot err in matters of faith…whether he is righteous or wicked,” (Martin Luther To the
Martin Luther didn't agree with many of the practices and beliefs of the Catholic Church. He didn't agree on some of the practices of the clergy like simony, the sale of church offices, nepotism, the giving away of church offices to family members, and pluralism, the holding of more than one church office at a time. He also was really against the sale of indulgence, documents sold by the Catholic Church lessening penance or time in purgatory. He thought that the church was only selling indulgences to earn more money and that indulgence didn't really do what they promised. He also didn't like the fact that people didn't read the Bible and thought that
“In 1521, Luther was excommunicated by Pope Leo X. He was ordered to appear before leading authorities at the Diet of Worms”(Forster 3). The Diet of Worms was sent to him commanding Luther to deing nay the many things he said about the catholic church. But he stood strong and said “I am bound by the Scriptures I have quoted and my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and will not retract anything, since it is neither safe nor right to go conscience.
On one hand, Luther stresses the absolute sovereignty of God extends over all things and that human beings are unable to save themselves. On the other hand , Luther believed that humans are responsible for their own choices and actions , and that they should strive to live according to God’s will. “...no one can deliver himself from sin, or attain righteousness by means of works, any more than he can prevent his own physical birth.” No act of good that any human does is divine enough to “earn” a spot in heaven in Luther's eyes. It is all about where your heart lies and your true intentions that people can’t see or
The first Reformation of the 16th century, began with Martin Luther with the publication of his great, influential work, The Ninety-Five Theses. Luther’s mission to reform the Church and dispose of the corruption of priests and the sale of indulgences, inspired others such as lawyer-turned-reform advocate and preacher, John Calvin to act in the name of what he believed to be righteous. The ideals of the Reformations presented first by Luther, and then modified through the separate branch of Calvinism began a chain-reaction, motivating King Henry VIII to make use of the changing religious ideals to extend his political power. In this essay, the similarities and differences between the Calvinist Reformation of Geneva and Henry VIII’s Reformation