The Truncated skewed-Laplace distribution (TSL) is a generalized model of an exponential distribution. The TSL distribution offers more flexible representation of the pattern of efficiency in the data. This model was first introduced by Aryal and Rao[4] .The skew Laplace distribution as a generalization of the Laplace law should be a natural choice in all real-worldcircumstances in which some skewness is present. Several asymmetric forms of the skewed Laplace distribution have acted in the literature with different formulations. This distribution was developed using the idea introduced by O’Hagan and studied by Azzalini[1].Inusah and Kozubowskiconsidered a discrete analogue of Laplace distribution. Kozubowski and Inusah [7] proposed a discrete …show more content…
In high concentrations, it causes the constriction of blood vessels throughout the body and consequent rise of pressure. Vasopressin helps prevent the loss of water from the body by reducing urine output and helping the kidney reabsorbs water in the body. Vasopressin is secreted by the cells of the hypothalamus nuclei and stored in the posterior pituitary for release as necessary. It stimulates contraction of the muscular tissues of the capillaries and arterioles, raising the blood pressure, and increase peristalsis, exert some influence on the uterus, and influences resorption of water by the kidney tubules, resulting in concentration of urine. Its rate of secretion is regulated chiefly by the osmolarityof the plasma. Also prepared synthetically or obtained from the posterior pituitary of domestic animals, used as an antidiuretic called antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This paper will analyze the biological data for release of vasopressin and calculate the Fuzzy Truncated Skew Laplace distribution mean residual life timem(t) and Fuzzy hazard rate function of Truncated Skew Laplace distribution model h(t). 2.Fuzzy Truncated Skew Laplace distribution(FTSL) A random variable X is said to have the skew symmetric distribution if its probability density functionis given by f(x)=2g(x)G(λx) Where, g(x) and G(x) …show more content…
[8]ME.Smith, FW.Flynn ,“Distribution of Fos-like immunoreactivity within the rat brain following intraventricular injection of the selective NK3 receptor agonist senktide”, J Comp Neurol, 426,2000, (413– 428). [9]SL.Bealer,FW.Flynn,“Centralneurokinin 3 receptors increase systemic oxytocin release: interaction with norepinephrine”,ExpNeurol 184,2003,(1027–1033). [10]T.Eguchi,Y.Takano, T. Hatae, R.Saito,Y.Nakayama, Y.Shigeyoshi,H .Okamura, JE.Krause, H. Kamiya ,“Antidiuretic action of tachykinin NK-3 receptor in the rat paraventricular nucleus”, Brain Res 743,1996,(49 –55). [11]Y.Nakajima, K.Tsuchida,M.Negishi,S.Nakanishi ,“Direct linkage of three tachykinin receptors to stimulation of both phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and cyclic AMP cascades in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells”, J BiolChem 267, ,1992,( 2437–2442). [12]Y-Q. Ding, R.Shigemoto, M.Takada, H.Ohishi, S.Nakanishi, N.Mizuno, “Localization of the neuromedin K receptor (NK3) in the central nervous system of the rat”, J Comp Neurol 364,1996,(290
Fluid retention causes liquid to assemble up in the lower legs and cause abundance liquids to be in the body and hypertension medications can intensify it so if Anna had hypertension and conceivably taken a hypertension infusion, then the fluid develop could have created heart disappointment. On account of heart disappointment the stomach area, legs, and lungs can swell in light of the fact that the heart is excessively frail, making it impossible to pump blood which may have made Anna fall due
Sample questions for midterm 1. In a skewed distribution, which of the following values is most likely to be dragged toward the longer tail of the distribution? a) the mean b) the mode c) the median d) none of the above 2. Which of the following RFM codes represents a potentially very valuable customer who hasn’t bought recently and should be encouraged to order? a) 511 b) 111 c) 151 d) 115
The pituitary gland coordinates growth and blood pressure. It coordinates with the hypothalamus to maintain homeostasis in the body. Pons: The pons sends messages from the front half of the brain to the cerebellum.
Endocrine Reviews. The Endocrine Society. Web. 18 Aug.
Central Diabetes Insipidus is caused by a lack the Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or Vasopressin produced by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. ADH is responsible for the amount of water excreted by the kidneys. If ADH is low or not being secreted then the kidneys do not function properly and excrete too much water. This is why it is termed Central Diabetes Insipidus, because the problem lies in the pituitary gland and not in the kidneys which is termed nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Dr. Lee should prescribe the hormone Vasopressin (Desmopressin or DDAVP) which can be given by nose spray, injections or tablets.
Orthostatic hypotension has many etiologies but the baseline is that it is generally caused by a dysautonomic syndrome, drugs, volume depletion or a combination of a variety of factors. Peripheral autonomic (sympathetic) denervation, resulting from systemic diseases can prevent needed peripheral vasoconstriction with standing, diseases such as diabetes and amyloidosis. Other diseases are Parkinsonism , and Addison’s, porphyria, tabes dorsalis, syringomyelia, spinal cord transection , Guillian–Barré syndrome, Riley–Day syndrome, surgically induced sympathectomy, pheochromocytoma, multisystem atrophy, Bradbury–Eggleston syndrome, and the Shy–Drager syndrome (which is also known as idiopathic orthostatic hypotension). There is a variety of medications that can cause syncope by causing orthostatic hypotension and other mechanisms also leading to syncope. These are vasodilators (such as hydralazine, nitrates, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors), adrenergic blockers and adrenergic stimulants, diuretics, tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines, and others, can cause orthostatic
Introduction: Imagine sitting there and then suddenly an overwhelming sense of fear washes over you. All that is possible is sit there and be a distant spectator to your surroundings unable to interact for the moment. After seconds that feel like an eternity pass you then come to gaining back full awareness, but still lacking the ability to breathe or speak correctly. This is an example of what a seizure feels like and a significant portion of the population, about 1%, suffer from a condition known as epilepsy, or reoccurring seizures (10).
If a patient cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors medication, vasodilators are also an option (Macon B.). Beta-Blockers can help reduce the blood pressure and slow down the rhythm of the heart (Macon, B.). Since a heart failure may cause the body to have more fluid than it should, diuretics may be used to reduce the fluid content in the
The low amount of blood delivered to the kidneys causes inadequate renal perfusion. When this happens, renin is released to secrete aldosterone, a vasoconstrictor that promotes sodium and fluid retention. Aldosterone increases the preload to increase the systolic volume (Moreau, 2006). However, this is counterproductive in the long run because an increase in the preload will wear out the heart by working double time as well as increasing lung congestion. The heart failure causes multiple organ failure in chronic conditions such as altered digestion, decreased brain perfusion
Several other functions that it plays in the body include: balancing the electrolytes in our system, maintaining the acid-base balance and is significantly essential to muscle contraction and nerve transmissions throughout our body. A deficiency in sodium can put individuals at risk for contracting hyponatremia which is a dangerous condition in which an individual has too little sodium in their blood. The connection between sodium and water is directly correlated in keeping an equal ration of sodium and water in the body. For example, when the body contains too much salt, the body responds in keeping homeostasis by telling the individual to drink excessive water – polydipsia- until there is an equal balanced ratio of sodium to water. In addition, individuals who consume more than the recommended intake of salt tend to show signs of excessive weight gain, but in reality is just a side effect water weight in the body for this its way of maintaining a balance ratio until the salts are expelled from the body.
Activity 1 Increasing extracellular K+ reduces the net diffusion of K+ out of the neuron through the K+ leak channels because it caused to decrease in the concentration gradient. Increasing extracellular K+ causes the membrane potential to change to a less negative value because extracellular K+ is increasing, which it will cause intracellular K+ to be less. A change in extracellular Na+ did not alter the membrane potential in the resting neuron because there are a lot of K+ leak channels than Na+ leak channels The relative permeability of the membrane to Na+ and K+ in a resting neuron is that Na+ leak channel is less, but K+ leak channels has more so the membrane become less permeable to Na+.
The anterior pituitary is devoid of a nerve supply, but has a unique blood supply, a portal system. The hypothalamohypophyseal portal system begins in a series of capillaries in the median eminence of the hypothalamus sends blood via veins to the anterior lobe, where it ends in a series of capillaries. This portal system carries neurohormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary where they control the secretion of anterior lobe hormones. The anterior pituitary consists of five different endocrine cell types, identified by antibodies against pituitary hormones and capable of production and secretion of pituitary hormones: 1.
Method: The organ bath file was opened and we examined tissue type and Agonist and Antagonists of different drugs which were available. Guinea pig ileum was selected as tissue type and Acetyl choline as agonists. Then different amount of acetylcholine were added to the organ bath which produced different results and finally, a log – dose response curve for acetyl- choline was constructed with the X axis corresponding to drug dose (Drug concentration) and the Y axis corresponding to response (gms).
Later, 5ml of 1 x 10-6 M of mepyramine was added into the reservoir containing 1000ml of Krebs-Henssleit solution to produce a FBC of 5.0 x 10-9M. It was equilibrated with tissue for 10 minutes by flushing into the organ bath. After that, the steps above were repeated to test tissue response using 5ml of 1 x 10-5M and 1 x 10-4M of mepyramine. The experiment was repeated by replacing mepyramine with SIPBSDrug A as the antagonist. Lastly, concentration-response curve with Hill-Langmuir equation and Schild Plot were plotted using Bio-Graph. KB and pA2 values for mepyramine and SIPBSDrug A were calculated based on Schild plots and Gaddum
Moreover, if water proportion in the body goes low, that will cause