The concept of social and economic stratification
About the second dimension, Esping-Andersen (1990, 55-78) writes that the states influence social stratification through its welfare policies, which means to stop the existing inequality and promote the level of class equality. Referring to the third Page 5 dimension, Esping- Andersen (1990, 79) states that both the public and the private sector plays important role in the welfare provision in many societies. Within the social welfare states social stratification refers to the way the followed system affects individual’s status in society, or in other words, it is “an active force considering social relation” and provide a way to change the
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Nordic states have managed to combine high taxes, low social and economic inequality and strong welfare system with satisfactory economic growth seem in long term perspective. Welfare states have reform to adjust demographic and economic challenges and to retain dynamism and innovativeness in the economy, and comprehensive public welfare commitment has clearly gone hand in hand satisfactory economic and social development, and stable political development increasing exposure to global culture, economy and …show more content…
The collapse of Swedish empire and the weakening position of nobility in the early 19th century became a peripheral area in the expanding of the capitalist world economy (Wallerstein 1980: 203:226). The early industrialization in the Nordic welfare states was usually based on the success of export industries. The early working class was consisting of industrial worker and in the beginning of the period of mass parties in Nordic states became dominated by the three-polar class, structure that was the urban class, the working class and the farmers. During the war period, the growth of industrialization was so faster and it was expanded after the World War Second with the sharing of agriculture population which was below one-third in Denmark, Norway, and
During the late 18th through the19th century, the industrial revolution created many changes in regards to labor. Many people of the working class were affected positively in the way of new jobs, better quality products, and quality of life (Doc3, Doc4, Doc 5). While others lost family or experienced a decrease in the quality of life (Doc1, Doc2, Doc7). Some workers soon became dependent on technological machinery (Doc 6, Doc 8, Doc 9). Many workers lives during The Industrial Revolution were changed for the positive as many people such as children had a chance to enrich their lives because they were given a purpose (Doc 3).
From 1790 to the late 1800’s, the Industrial Revolution recreated industry as Europe knew it with ground-breaking inventions and mass-producing factories. The Industrial Revolution widened the social gap with the bourgeoisie on a pedestal and the proletariat baring the weight of being the work class that would make the Industrial Revolution happen; this strife would lead to many riots and revolutions across Europe as many men like Karl Marx would develop solutions to the proletarian’s problems such as communism. The question arose of how the proletariat were to rebel against the bourgeoisie. The fact was that a revolution was inevitable.
During the 19th century in Great Britain, there was a sudden rise in machines and new inventions that would simplify many difficult jobs for humans. Many workers were forced off farms and into factories to help these machines work. Poor farmers were the only ones who were forced into working in the factories because they had no money. This sudden change in the way society functioned brought up many different arguments from people who had very radical opinions. Although industrialization improved society in many ways, for example, the increase in money and food, it also derailed most of society.
Before the industrial revolution two there were two major classes: the nobles and the peasant. Nobles gained most of their wealth through inheritance while peasant worked the land given to them by the nobles. The peasants were forced to give up most of their harvest to the nobles in order to pay for their land. During the industrial revolution two new classes emerged the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The bourgeoisie was the middle class and the proletariat was the working class.
There are significant socioeconomic disparities in the greater Atlanta area. The average mean income for the area is $27,000 per family per year. Of these numbers more than half live below the poverty line and happen to be 80 percent minorities. Minority populations have a higher rate of Heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and stroke and tend to have lower birth rates than White Americans. This could be contributed to a lack of access to adequate healthcare and healthcare systems.
The Industrial Revolution cast its shadow upon European cities and towns. Some enjoyed this shade while others suffered tremendously because of it. Those who enjoyed the luxuries and wealth that the Industrial Revolution provided, the bourgeoisie, depended on the needs of the poor, the proletarians, to increase the size of their monstrous factories and ultimately their wealth and influence. In “The Communist Manifesto” Karl Marx discusses the effects of the Industrial Revolution in further dividing society by creating new social and economic hierarchies. In addition to his observation of the division of labor, Karl Marx believed, that due to the technological shift from craftsmanship to machinery this also caused division of labor and the appreciation of proletarian handmade goods was disregarded.
Upon reading Bell’s article I found that I agree with most of the author’s assertions. In my own experience as a child I too would categorize my family as being poor. Although my father was employed, his job was categorized as janitorial and as such paid minimum wage. As a child of the late and sixties and seventies I did realize that my family did not have some of the luxuries that other children enjoyed but I nor anyone in my family was ever treated as lazy, untrustworthy or lacking integrity.
Industrialization primarily occurred between 1760’s to around the 1830’s. During this time period the focus on agricultural gain shifted to a focus on factories and manufacturing goods. As industrialization progressed, there was a higher demand for products, consequently mass production became extremely relevant. Additionally, there was a large influx of new ideas related to factories, jobs, and the social divide. Industrialization in Europe created large disparities between treatment of different social classes and genders.
The life of a 19th-century industrial worker was far from easy. Even in good times wages were low, hours long, and working conditions hazardous. Trying to fix the issue, many Europeans suggested much needed solutions to this problem. Over the course of the 19th century Europeans suggested that there should be equality between men women and social classes, that there should be a peaceful reorganization of social classes, and a revolution or a change in government. During the Industrial Revolution, as more factories were being built, more people were willing to do work as long as they got paid.
With the end of Reconstruction, many companies were prospering the increase of production from the civil war. Many companies were ran by millionaires and the factories were run by the poor and working class men. Big companies also controlled farmers lives by shipping and selling their crops. Farmers and industrial workers responded to industrialization in similar ways, by forming large groups with big goals, the Populists and unions, in the Gilded Age Farmers responded to industrialization by forming large groups with big goals, in the Gilded Age. Farmers became angry with the middlemen and big companies, who hiked up their own wages and cut profits for the farmers.
In the discussion of social inequality, one cannot leave out the sociological theories and models proposed by Karl Marx and Adam Smith. Generally, social inequality refers to the presence of unequal treatment, opportunities and rewards tied to people of various social standings within the hierarchy of a community group or society. Some common types of social inequality include wealth and income disparity as well as social class stratification. For Marx and Smith, both had explored the various types of social inequality in society.
This chapter provides a main implication of social class and how the concept of class is defined by different theories of different ages, emphasizing its importance in social division despite that class has been affected by social policy to reduce some inequalities between classes and promote mobility across classes. One key argument of social class is that class division is not constant or fixed, which is explained by giving several examples. In addition, the chapter also suggest that membership of social classes is changing. That is to say, individuals, families or groups may move up and down between classes.
Every movie depicts a host of social elements in every scene. It 's only when the situations are realistic, do they manage to strike a chord with the audience. Slumdog millionaire is a British film, set and filmed in India. Slumdog millionaire is a movie set in the backdrop of the Mumbai slums and shows the life of a former street child Jamal, the protagonist and his struggle to reach the top.
Social classes are a form of social stratification that refers to the existence of structured inequalities between individuals and groups in society. A social class is a group of people of comparable status, power and wealth which are usually classified as upper class, middle class, and lower class. For each class, there are some specific opportunities available that influence their social life. We can understand about the particularity of the chances through unequal distribution of these opportunities between individuals in social classes. In here belonging to a social class seems to be an obstacle for some individuals to obtain equal opportunity, unlike upper class people.
Social class contains a lot of significance in social sciences because it sets the basis for social stratification in which people are grouped into a set of hierarchical social categories. These categories further lead up to class conflicts and social problems which we see in society today. Since the main aim of social sciences is to explain the cause and effect of any social issue, sociologists tend to first explain the definition of class and their interpretation of the term followed by its effects in a society. Among these sociologists there were two very influential personalities who developed their work to explain the definition and the formation of the social class. Karl Marx, being an economist, believes that these social classes are a direct result of economic factors.