Social Anxiety: A Case Study

Two biological theories for the underlying cause of Major Depressive Disorder: Monoamine hypothesis versus the Neurotrophic theory

Some people may talk to or seeing someone everyday and they might not even know that the people have social anxiety. Anxiety is the most common mental illness in the U.S.A, its affects 40 million adults in the united states of the age of 18 and older or 18% of the population. Social Anxiety disorders develop from a complex set of risk factors, including genetics and etc.

Depression among cultures and ethnicities can differ not only on its triggers but also on its treatment preferences; several factors are being analyzed to compare how this mental disorder is affecting Hispanic communities, particularly those of Mexican origin, in the US.

Throughout the nation and our world people are suffering from this disease. Depression effects people of both genders, all ages, and any background. The history of mental illness, specifically depression were extremely helpful in today’s treatment and diagnosis. We know that all individuals are different and because of this, we can assume that each case of mental illness, more specifically depression, is unique in its own way as well. One treatment that is very effective for one person may not be equally as effective in a similar case simply because of the differences in patients. History, types of depression, symptoms, and treatments are all equally important in finding ways to help one who is suffering from depression.

This disorder is known to be the disabling anxiety condition and counts for more than half of serious anxiety cases. In this article the author speaks on the severity of Obsessive-compulsive disorder also known as OCD. She elaborates on the fact that there is no official clinical classification for the disorder, although the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition – text revision classify it as an anxiety disorder. There are some clinicians who categorize it as an anxiety/fear coupled with worry clinical feature. In the article it is stated that there is a broad range of OCD and the most common age of onset is from 22-35. The author also touches on the points of treatments for OCD. Medications are used, but there are other steps needed in order to stop or slow down the disorder. They state that patients are required to go to behavior therapy, support groups, and other counseling tactics to help them.

Throughout the human life, many events will occur that cause individuals to experience the feelings associated with anxiety. Examples of these events that can cause individuals to experience anxiety are public speaking engagements, eating in restaurants, and using public restrooms (Sands & Gellis, 2012). The diagnosis of anxiety is sustained when the emotion is experienced with significant frequency and intensity, when the psychosocial functioning of the individual is impeded, and when the reaction is not conducive with the stimulus (Sands & Gellis, 2012). In addition, a significant amount of individuals who are diagnosed with anxiety disorders face the challenges of maintaining employment, or becoming active participants within their communities because of tremendous distress. This paper discusses two key content areas within the readings of Sands and Gellis (2012), and Thuile, Even, and Rouillon (2008) including reactions to the aforementioned readings.

There is a basic model that helps create a prognosis on possible substance abuse disorders. This goes from exposure of the substance use, to substance dependence. The basic premise is that cultural and psychological influences the beginning use of substances. As psychological stressors are associated with the substance, then it leads to substance abuse. The biological and psychological influences will lead to substance dependence. Paul and Alex have followed this model, with Alex as the one with the likely prognosis.

He argues that without testing and research data, it is difficult to structure treatment plans and “to offer recommendations of improving psychological report-writing and consulting.” Accurate record keeping allows untold generations of future psychologists and mental health practitioners the opportunity to review and study the evolution of mental illness, treatment, and developed behavior. Id. It also provides future practitioners, educators design, structure new training, and reporting procedure to promote and encourage research and development in the field. Id. Demakis believes that while all neuropsychological testing is vital to psychology, it is particularly important to civil capacity evaluations; only through maintaining full and comprehensive records can the field of psychology continue to maintain a positive and revered reputation.

The purpose of this essay is to conduct a comprehensive critical appraisal of a research paper titled ‘Chloramphenicol treatment for acute infective conjunctivitis in children in primary care’ that was carried out by Rose et al. (2005) in the United Kingdom (UK). The aim of evaluation is to critically concentrate on the strength and limitation of the study. Firstly, a clear definition of critical appraisal and its importance will be highlighted, going on further will be the critical, analysis, discussion and evaluation of the peer reviewed paper contents so as to ascertain the validity and reliability of the study. Therefore, a conclusion will be drawn to learning its significance in public health.

Effectiveness is defined as the degree to which objectives are achieved and the extent to which targeted problems are solved; the ability to be successful and produce the intended results (Cambridge). Effectiveness is determined without reference to costs and means "doing the right thing" while efficiency means "doing the thing right". Various meta-analysis established the effectiveness of CBT in depression (Hans and Hiller, 2013); Social Anxiety Disorders, General Anxiety Disorders, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Panic Disorder (Stewart and Chambless, 2009); Specific phobia (Wolitzky-Taylor, Horowitz, Powers, and Telch, 2008) in clinical settings. Findings from a meta analysis (Ebert, Carlotta Zarski, Christensen, Stikkelbroek et al, 2015)

Main Point 2- Now that I have gone over what Social Anxiety disorder is, I would like to inform you of what life is like with this

This assignment will be discussing Generalised Anxiety Disorder based on Jessica’s case study. This will be done by interpreting and discussing Generalised Anxiety Disorder and Major Depression as umbrella diagnosis to the case study using relevant clinical description. Biological, psychological and social aetiology of Major Depression and Generalised Anxiety disorder as disorders seen in Jessica’s case will be explained. We have identified Jessica’s case as that of Generalised Anxiety Disorder and Major Depressive disorder as she shows symptoms of each of the disorders.

State-Trait Depression Inventory (STDI) was used to measure depression (Spielberger, 2003). A 20-item questionnaire was administered that corresponds to the depression subscale of State-Trait Personality Inventory (STPI). It employed a four-point Likert scale with 1 meaning “almost always” and 4 meaning “almost never”. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the scale in the present study is 0.93.

The adolescents must not be shy, or afraid to initiate conversations, which obviously lacks in those who have social phobia. Moreover, it is very important that one should be honest in their opinions, and not just say what they think the other person wants to or would like to hear, as that causes a distance in their relation.

Y and client X agreed to meet for bi-weekly sessions. Their first session included client X completing an assessment test for depression. Client X completed the Beck’s Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) to assess whether she suffered from depression. BDI-II is a self-report questionnaire with 21 question that takes around five to 10 minutes to administer (Farinde, 2013). Dr. Y ensured that the client was in a quiet room with sufficient lighting, as to not interfere with results. BDI-II was scored using points. Client X would select zero to three on which sentence best represented her feelings. The total score was relevant to the number of symptoms that client X was experiencing (Farinde, 2013). The tests revealed that client X was suffering from