INTRODUCTION
“We live in a society where children are seen as price trophies, where women who are unable to give birth are seen as incomplete individuals and the social stigma attached to them is cruel and dehumanizing.”
-Merci Fabros in Raposan (2002)
Infertility is a life experience that is shared by many women all over the world. Society deems it as tragedy, a curse, and crisis due to its many threats and underlying consequences that affects the quality of life of women and her family (Van den Akker, 2012; Covington & Burns, 2006). In a world where seven billion people live, eight to twelve percent experience and suffer from infertility and many more are not accounted for (Kols & Nguyen, 1997). Unwanted childlessness is seen in all societies
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It was observed that “with artificial insemination, sperm banks, in vitro fertilization and fertility pills, infertility is becoming less of a problem (Tripon, 2002: 226). Fertility clinics began to appear. There are three local hospitals located in Metro Manila are offering IVF procedures namely St. Luke’s Hospital- Global City, Manila Doctors Hospital and Asian Hospital and Medical Center. Health institutions that have experts on fertility related problems are growing in number. These businesses are booming because many customers are flocking to them and asking for medical assistance with reproduction. Though this is the scene in Metro Manila, there are no clinics in Ilocos Norte specifically for fertility problems, but there are a few Ob-Gynecologist clinics. But then again, though it is available, it is still very expensive and it is not accessible to everyone, especially to poor, farmers living in Ilocos Norte.
Hope for Starting Families campaign is a Philippines based non-government organization dedicated to help infertile couples in the Philippines. The organization presents the possible explanations for infertility and they also present the possible steps you could take. They have campaigns such as Fertility Awareness which aims to educate the Filipinos on what infertility is and its
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A study done by Gastardo-Conaco and colleagues (1986) in Laoag City, Ilocos Norte showed that the data taken from Hawaii by Arnold and Fawcett (1975) is consistent with the data in the Philippines. Gastardo-Conaco and colleagues (1986) studied the values attached to children by the parents. They discovered the top three psychological advantages of having children namely happiness, compassion and love, play, fun and distraction (Gastardo-Conaco et al, 1986). Also, the belief of Ilocanos that a girl only becomes fully woman when she bears her own child is relatively high compared to others studied in the research, such as Caucasians (Gastardo-Conaco et al,
In the early 1900s, women’s health was non-existent. It was not taught in school, it was never spoken about in the media, and many women themselves had no knowledge about reproductive health. During this time it was common to see women with ten, fifteen, even twenty pregnancies throughout their lives. Men and women both were often unaware on how to plan or prevent a pregnancy and birth control was pronounced illegal. Consequently, this was also a period of high childbirth mortality, as well as a time where many women were dying due to self-induced or “back-alley” abortions.
Chief of the obstetrics department at the University of Pennsylvania, Deborah A. Driscoll, told the NY Times that numerous couples are deciding not to bring a child with irregularities to life due to their unintentional deficiencies. These females do not have “the resources, the emotional stamina, don’t have family support.” (Harmon, 2007) So we see that more often than not, woman choose abortion as a last resort when they are certain they can’t provide for their child’s irregularities.
In Vitro Fertilization treatments involving numerous cycles increases a woman’s chance of multiple pregnancies; consequently, it results in an increased risk of premature birth and lack of healthy weight in IVF newborns (Storck). Additionally, IVF treatments pose some financial drawbacks for its recipients. IVF is extremely expensive once all the components--”surgery, anesthesia, ultrasounds, blood tests, processing the eggs and sperm, embryo storage, and embryo transfer”--are added up to show one IVF cycle’s expenses, which can be between $12,000-$17,000; likewise, infertility treatments are not typically covered by insurance companies, adding to its cost even more (Storck). With IVF being costly both financially and emotionally to many recipients, plus the added stress
In March of 1925, Margaret Sanger delivered the outcome of overpopulation and a lack of birth control options(“Margaret Sanger’s “The Children’s Era” Analysis”). She discussed the so-called “Children’s Era”, which desired countless happy and healthy children all around the world, as a key part missing from our ideal future. Children brought up in poor circumstances are nearly doomed to have a bright future; these babies are jinxed before leaving the womb. Therefore, a child can only be healthy and successful if it is raised in a similar environment. In order to prevent the babies who are ill-prepared for or unexpected, birth control is necessary.
At the age of eighteen, Kris Halloway as an American woman would not have been able to buy alcohol or rent a car. However, her Malian female counterparts are married off at that exact age, eighteen on average. With marriage and incident consummation coming at such an early age, access to contraception would be vital to prevent pregnancy. Even with not only the requisite physical access to contraception but also cultural and societal power to demand its use, American women have untold numbers of unwanted pregnancies every year. With only six percent of Malian women having access to contraception, and undoubtedly some with access bring overruled by their husbands about usage, it is no surprise that the average woman in Mali has 6.8 children during her
For centuries women were always supposed to just bear their husband’s child, and be nothing more than a mother and wife. This created lots of problems, such as the millions of childbirth related deaths and home abortions. This eventually sparked an initiative in Margaret Sanger. As a result of the death of Margaret Sanger’s mother due to multiple childbirths, Sanger was motivated to finding a prevention of pregnancy that could potentially save lives (Gibbs, Van Pyke and Adams 41). This task, however was not easily achieved.
Rachel Roth begins this article by examining the historical components of reproductive rights and fetal rights in this country. She then explains that the history of the two have created the now issue that women face in around the topic of abortion. She explains that the long struggles of abortion have led to fetal rights. “This idea has served to punish women in nontraditional behavior than to protect their children, while reinforcing the idea that women’s bodies are and should be public property” (Roth, 322). Meaning, the concept of fetal rights has begun to take its own course of action, which in the process has decreased the rights of the woman.
Anne Irwin took close observation with boys who serve on the military combat in Afghanistan take into great consideration whether this lofty experience would transform boys into manhood. It takes huge effort at the beginning for them to confront and be inured with the life at Afghanistan. Irwin taken into three steps to depict the boys experience on the combat field. The transforming experiences are social means for encouraging the difficult development of people through the life course. The first steps is the physical and geographic separation from family and soldiers take an interest in mission particular preparing and are guarantee that there are no medicinal, mental or individual concerns behind them to be deserted (93).
Women who are victims of rape will always be in remembrance of their terrifying experience, which sometimes result in neglect and unfair treatment of the child due to the woman’s rape trauma syndrome. Women who are not financially stable that are pregnant and oppose abortion live in poverty. If abortions were banned it would increase illegal abortions which have critical effect to the woman’s health. Statistics estimate that the risk of death from an abortion is 0.6 in 100,000. The risk of death childbirth is 14 times higher, 8.8 in 100,000.
Title: The Gift of Adoption Rhetorical Purpose: To inform the audience about what adoption looks like in today’s society, including what it is, an overview of the process, and the prevalence in the media. Thesis Statement: The process is often thought of as complicated and uncommon, but with increased awareness and proper education, individuals can better understand the gift that is adoption. Introduction: I. Attention Getter: More than five million women of childbearing age in the U.S. have infertility problems (Seven myths, 2018). Or in simpler terms, one out ten couples will have problems with infertility, according to Meredith’s Women Network (Seven myths, 2018).
III. The support side of the Teenage Pregnancy strategy was backed up by an intervention that targeted areas of high deprivation with high conception areas. This would help pilot a government initiative that aimed to reduce the risk of long-term social exclusion associated with teenage pregnancy that helped by providing intensive support for parents and children to help them with housing, healthcare, parenting skills, education and child care. (1) “The claim that all humans, whatever their race, gender, religion, or age, have the right to life seems evident enough”.
The Adoption Process is Hindering Us Thousands of couples, or individuals, across the U.S experience infertility, and with that face the heartbreaking scenario of not being able to have their own children. For these couples and individuals though there is a solution, although not an easy and always attainable one. These couples and individuals can make the decision to adopt, yet because of the inefficient process of adoption in the U.S, couples may steer away from this choice. For some couples and individuals the reality of being able to adopt doesn’t seem attainable, and with this they may experience waves of emotions from not being able to have a family. The U.S adoption process hinders couples and individuals goals of one day having
The forces of pronatalism are significant to women as it is the philosophy responsible for the persistent idea that a woman’s destiny and ultimate fulfilment is entrenched in childbearing and motherhood. Furthermore, pronatalism focuses on the advantages of having children while minimizing the disadvantages (Veevers). It creates the mother hood mandate the idea that regardless of whatever she chooses to do in life, a woman’s role must involve maternity (Russo,1976). Pronatalism comes at women from every angle, from the religious command to mother, to psychological theories which define maternity as a requirement for healthy female psychological development (Daniluk, 1999). Similarly it is at work in the media, on television and in
IVF can be used in conjunction with surrogacy. There are cases when a woman who is infertile can have even her grandmother carry the child to term. Infertility is increasing and thus choices for those suffering from it is beneficial. Another option for those finding it hard to conceive a baby is an artificial womb which allows for a baby to be born outside the womb. Not only is it good for infertility but it is positive for the LGBTQ+ couples who can not make a baby.
Everyone is entitled to choose their own lifestyle, whether they want to have a child or not. Some females who seek to have children find it easy, although some are unfortunate. There are numerous of reasonings, such as being too old to be pregnant, damage to the Fallopian tube or uterus and cancer radiation or chemotherapy. As our generation goes on, many discoveries revolving biology is produced and one of it is the In Vitro Fertilization or “IVF”. It is the procedure of fertilization where they save sperm sample, take an egg from the women and physically combining it in a laboratory dish where the egg and the sperm is now called an embryo.