Social Disorganization Theory And Strain Theory

masculine state, wielding incarceration, behavior regulation, and strict law enforcement penalties. This leads to a, “double regulation of poverty by the joint action of punitive welfare turned-workfare and an aggressive penal bureaucracy” (Wacquant, 2010, p. 202). This falls directly of shoulders of the marginalized, impoverished, inner-city, black neighborhoods. Wacquant wraps this into his description of today’s penial policy in the US that is more interested in punitive practices focused on locking up the poor and warehousing them and not rehabilitating convicts and changing their behavior. This effectively confines the marginalized into isolated neighborhoods, making them invisible, and reducing the likelihood they will pose a threat on

The results showed that dense social network could convey both positive and negative effects on formal and informal social control. Legitimate residents’ network would enhance the informal supervision while gang members and drug dealers would undermine the legality of the community through their social networks. In Pattillo’s own words: “Neighborhood social organization does not exist as an absolute value, but represents a continuum, the ends of which are complete chaos or utopia (pp.770).” Many times, our communities are swinging between these two extremes, and it is our responsibility to further study, though with difficulties, the mechanism behind this intricate relationship, for the sake of promoting our society and protecting it from “the living

Even the pain of labour and various forms of criminality are related to this theory. Despite the disagreement with the Merton where you have to find an exit lawful work of the miners, youngsters of the men of the working class it is closed, and Cohen takes the crime sociologic Merton and why youngsters did not. Sociologists claim that the punishment of the youngsters is different opportunities for deviant social behavior, and a variety of matters, or what moves to move sociology (Peterson, et al, 2000). Three types of criminal subculture; and criminal punishment even of the parts of the upper as well as adults. The role of the ancestors, he thinks that it is not related to my young men to follow it as far as the state, and the crime was committed.

To have a better understanding of crime rate “social disorganization” was utilized. The social disorganization theory consisted of poverty, rapid population growth, heterogeneity, and physical issues. Shaw and McKay determined that neighborhoods with the highest crime rate usually faced poverty and heterogeneity. Overall, The Chicago School determined that economic and environmental factors were probably reasons for juvenile delinquency in urban

This theory argued that a persons physical and social environment are responsible for the behavioral choice he or she makes. Social Disorganization Theory correlated that criminal behavior is depending on the neighborhood structure and culture states. For example smaller neighborhoods living in poverty, disadvantage with little to no resources tend to have increased youth violence, and crime. This theory is not intending for all types of crime, but more so community and street crimes. The relationship between the neighborhood and crime correlates because the theory is to prove that these lower class and poverty enriched neighborhoods predict these youths future.

423). This in turn would decrease the overall structure of the neighborhood and encourage the growth of crime within. These multiple factors would most likely have an effect on the relationship between violent crime rate and run-down neighborhoods, since the characteristics of run-down neighborhoods generally correlate alongside lower socioeconomic variables. Social, economic, spatial, and physical aspects are some of the factors that influence the crime rate within a neighborhood

The impact of crime on an individual victim, their loved ones, and their community depend on a variety of factors but often crime victimization has significant emotional, psychological, physical, financial and social consequences. This paper aims to relate the advices provided by University of Botswana Security Services regarding victimization and crime prevention with Routine Activity Theory. As stated above crime is any act and the rate of crime in the university is increasing which drove the security services to formulate way to prevent and try curb victimization in campus. This paper is therefor going to establish whether the tips provided are in line with elements of routine activity theory.

Additionally, crimes that are considered as being white collar, in which they are known in our middle and upper-classes. The General Strain Theory Robert Agnew proposed and formulated the general strain theory. Agnew’s general strain theory primarily focuses on the micro-level definitions of crime and the relationship it has with delinquency. By doing this, Robert Agnew made a notation of the effects that a person 's social environment and the position it plays in the determination of crime.

There are several psychological theories that have been applied to criminal activity. These theories are believed to impact moral growth and personality ailments in relation to crime. White-collar crimes and strain theory which is a social structure theory as well as hackers and learning theories which is a social process theory are discussed. Social structure theory states that poor individuals are the ones that commit crimes over middle and rich individuals. Criminals who do not have an equal opportunity are strained and will more likely to be involved in crime states the strain theory.

In the theory of reintegrative shaming, Brathwaite (1989) explained why some societies have higher crime rate than others, why certain people or certain groups of people are more likely to commit a crime, and how the community can effectively deal with the crime in order to prevent future crimes. Brathwaite theory of reintegrative shaming is heavily influence by the work of early theoretical theories including labelling, subcultural, control, opportunity, and learning theories (Braithwaite, 1989). Brathwaite (1989) supported control theory argument that individual are naturally drawn to commit criminal acts for the purpose of personal gain. Brathwaite argued that individuals who are integrated into the community and are involved in a committed relationship are less likely to commit a crime. In contrast, individuals who are not integrated into the community

Anderson, 1990, 1999; Wilson, 1996; Wallace, 1999a). And conflict theorists typically place more emphasis on the culpability of the upper class in society for generating these adverse conditions. According to this form of conflict theory, structural conditions, with their origins in politics and economics, have generated extreme poverty and isolation among the lower class, resulting in feelings of alienation, frustration, and hopelessness for many. Rates of drug use are exceedingly high in these communities as people seek escape and relief from these adverse life conditions which result in the wide spread of drug dealers among poverty people. Research by Lillie-Blanton et al.

The author expands his explanations with various sociological theories. Moreover, he discusses why the poor urban areas attract police officers to patrol them more often. The content of certain chapters is used in sociological and political explanations of police brutality. Holmes, M. D., & Smith, B. W. (2008). Race and police brutality: Roots of an urban dilemma.

2013 p. 3) Social disorganization theory “argues that crime occurs when the mechanisms of social control (arrest and court procedure, jail sentences and payment of money for breaking the law) are weakened” (Kelly, 2000; Messier,

Elijah Anderson, a Yale professor, developed the concept or theory entitled the “code of the street” which explains the reasoning for high rates of street violence among African-American juveniles in a Philadelphia community. The “code of the street” is the way of life for many living in poverty-stricken communities which attempt to regulate behaviors. Anderson observed that juveniles in inner-city neighborhoods who are exposed to racial discrimination, economic disadvantages and alienation from mainstream society may lead violent behavior. The strain, social learning, and labeling theories are all directly related to Anderson’s work.

Crime has existed throughout history for thousands of years, and people to this day are still trying to find the main factors that contribute to crime. Crime is a very complex concept and its factors cannot be explained or understood with one factor but with a combination of factors. “Socioeconomic Status is commonly conceptualized as the social standing or class of an individual or group and it is often measured as a combination of education, income and occupation” (Saegert, pg. 5) By examining a person’s socioeconomic status, the justice system can obtain a better understanding of why the crime rates are as high as they are today.