Social Exclusion Literature Review

Literature review

The literature on social exclusion has two major orientation. Initially the psychological aspect of suicide, else to understand the sociological circumstances behind social exclusion. This groundwork aims to comprehend human psychology and human behavior in different social norms with the help of Durkheim works. As well as Merton ’s elaboration on social strain and social exclusion.

Even though suicide is a lone act it represents the society (Durkheim 1938) and the individual struggles directly connected to social life. In that mean, the cause of the actual unevenness in suicides between sexes, presumably lays connected to gender roles.

Following Durkheim´s influencing factors (civilization, intensity of social relations,

Most people experience social exclusion due not to be able to deal with difficulties like family problems, poverty, unemployment, low physical or mental ability or low income (Silver 1994).

Social roles for man and woman are different in various societies therefore the challenges they are facing are also differ.

SOCIAL LIFE

Since suicides are affected by social factors. Suicides do not depend primarily on the inherent characteristics of individuals, but on the causes outside of the self. Whatever usually justifies the cause of suicide, they are just apparent sequences on the surface. These are the weak points of individuals, through which the true causes are coming into act. Lack of “roles” or losses of “roles” (Kragh, 2017)

GENDER

From early age, they copy the example what they observe in their surroundings and children are educated to follow the norms and cultural expectations. Consistently gender integration or exclusion in the private, social or work life, signals role differences not actual sex differences (Barnett, 2001), women are more seeing them self’s as primary (physical) caretakers. Although, it could be a causality of women don’t feel success in the working sphere, or not being supported to be successful at the employment life. They observed that women in the case of low civil status, emphases on parental values. However, Simons (1992) has showed that women and men who has different social role have lower level of stress and physical health problems. It is a relevant factor in the degree of suicide ratio, since in many case woman though sees themselves as physical caretakers or mothers, they also have a work life. While it is more uncertain how much family life a working father has. In table 2., there is and clear variation between the many dimension of European working life of the different sexes.

ECONOMY

In his book (Suicide, 1936) Durkheim defines that economical or industrial crises are not contributing to higher suicide rate because people are going to be poor, but because it causes social imbalance. That would also explain the immunity of poorer countries, because