The term “social exclusion” is mainly replaced from European public discourse from more positive approach like “active inclusion” or “social inclusion”. In order to shed light on the topic, it is important to discuss the overall concept of “social exclusion” that has led to gain wider attention in present years. Thus, the debate is mainly considered to view with measuring the effectiveness of this approach in the study of inequality faced by minority group (like women, LGBT, disable people) within modern state. As mentioned by Unit & Britain (2001), social exclusion explains a situation where specific groups of the society are analytically deprived because of their absence of right and discriminate treatment from the society. All these groups …show more content…
Moreover, human rights as mentioned by Karlsen & Nazroo (2002) are poorly undertaken and considered by the ones that are working for this justice system. Support measures for justice can works as the human rights realisation from suitable approaches, like addressing and discriminating the vulnerabilities and problems that are faced by socially excluded target population. Development of wide political coalitions and information regarding local frameworks in establishment of the reforms are vital for disabling resistance. It is important for the state according to Sen (2000) to work for handling discrimination and social exclusion prevailing within the society along with promoting “social equity” in relation to human rights responsibilities and breaking the brutal circle for the betterment of each and every citizen of the state. The three minority group to be taken under consideration within our discussion includes Women, LGBT and people with …show more content…
It is to note that there is not a single understanding of social exclusion both between policy makers and academics; however it is progressively recognised that the overall perception has wider significance than handling poverty. Minorities frequently need access to equity and equivalent security of the law because of “discrimination”. Discrimination takes place in the different law enforcement stages, from education, to limitation of justice and sentencing, and at more elevated amounts of legislative drafting (Walton & Cohen,
In the “Cruel Hand,” Alexander addresses the impact of the legal and police system on race. The impacts of these institutions have clear impacts, like incarceration, but the unclear impacts occur after the incarceration ends. A person convicted of a crime “may be ineligible for many federally-funded health and welfare benefits, food stamps, public housing, and federal educational assistance. His driver’s license may be automatically suspended, and he may no longer qualify for certain employment and professional licenses. If he is convicted of another crime he may be subject to imprisonment as a repeat offender.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Alexander, M. (2012). The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (Rev. ed.). New York, NY: The New Press. Michelle Alexander in her book, "The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness" argues that law enforcement officials routinely racially profile minorities to deny them socially, politically, and economically as was accustomed in the Jim Crow era.
The tremendous difference in wealth between the two races results from a long history of discriminatory policies and practices, such as redlining and unequal access to education and employment opportunities. Nevertheless, recent progress has been made in dismantling racism in all areas of society—for example, the passing of the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act in the U.S. The House of Representatives is one step in the right direction. However, the continued prevalence
Nclive, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10892-010-9091-x. Paul Bou-Habib of the Department of Government at the University of Essex in the United Kingdom, presents this paper as a discussion of what he terms “background injustice” and racial profiling. He basically defines “background injustices”as social injustices over which the individual has no control within his profiled group. Bou-Habib suggests two accounts of background injustice. First is “responsible injustice”wherein the group proposing racial profiling is responsible for the injustice.
Perpetuation of issues such as these in the law can be changed with research and the implementation of new policies that serve to address the underlying causes of these issues, which is racial inequality and the continued oppression of people of color in the United States. I plan to research the psychology of oppression and its effects on government and society in graduate school, and work to combat these effects as a clinical psychologist and community change agent. The overall structure of oppression, which has made itself known as I investigate the root causes of more common social issues such as mass incarceration and food deserts, is created and perpetuated through government and public policy, regardless of the emergence of national social awareness of issues such as inequality, economic disparity, and social injustice. I believe that inequality can be changed one step-or one policy-at a time, and I plan to help with this as I examine the different forms of oppression on people of color at both a national and international level and work to lessen its force. Through non-government organizations such as the Marshall Project or the American Civil Liberties Union, I wish to add my knowledge of social science to the ongoing effort for equal civil rights for all citizens.
Even before our nation’s founding, people of color have been discriminated. Decades pass and the criminal justice system is still “racist” labeling people of color as criminal, meaning black equal criminals therefore is fine to discriminate people of color just because they’re criminals. In “The New Jim Crow” the system targets black men because they are associated with crime, meaning crime stands in for race. In the other hand, As Heather Mac Donald writes in her book “The War on Cops”, “The criminal-justice system does treat individual suspects and criminals equally, they concede. But the problem is how society defines crime and criminals” (154).
Domestic courts are put in a position of a problem solver but their “hands” are bind really tight and it is hard to protect human rights since so many prohibitions are implemented. On other hand, looking to Human Rights Act from a political perspective, it is thought that this act upholds the doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty and political control. Since more tools are given to the judiciary it may result in judges as law-making power. Recent governments have shown concern over the increased power
Hence, the author promotes an intersectional approach, such as the one developed in Oakland, Ca. that gives individuals “access to identity documents, housing, job training, drug and alcohol treatment, and education. (It also) bans employers from asking about prior convictions on job applications; ends probation curfews…repeals California’s three-strikes law; reallocates funds from prison construction to education” (19). Spade also supports abolishing the federal database for immigration checks. In essence, the author suggests that the United States’ legal system must be transformed into a “fair and neutral system,” that would enable it to successfully address intersectionality and the inequality, which accompanies it
Racism: Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System As former president Barack Obama stated in 2014, “You have men of color in many communities who are more likely to end up in jail or in the criminal justice system, than they are in a good job or college”(Brady). Racism and discrimination are two distinct things that affect men and women of color in America. Racism and discrimination did not end with the traditional thoughts of the Civil Rights Movement; it is still present in everyday lives whether it is subconscious or not. An example of discrimination in today’s Criminal Justice System is the increased difference of how people of color are incarcerated at a higher rate than those of the caucasian race. This can be seen when one looks
Matt Taibbi’s “The Divide” uses extensive research to attempt to contradict the understanding of our nonpartisan justice system. According to Taibbi, while poverty has increased, crime has decreased, and the jail population has increased 600% since 1991 (page xvi). He states while individuals are being prosecuted based on race and financial status. In which Taibbi argues that other offenders are not being prosecuted compared to minority groups.
Courts are a major evaluative stage of the criminal justice system and we rely on these courts to determine our outcomes based on the crime that was committed. Today, there is more diversity of leadership in the court system but, race still plays a role in the outcome of the offender. This could range from petty crimes being committed like traffic infractions or facing the death penalty based on the race of the offender or victim. This paper will examine the three types of disparities that cause biased sentencing in the courts. The three types of disparities are race, social class, and gender and these all play a huge factor when making a decision based off an offender.
Pre-existing beliefs of ethnic minorities from the media, police sub-culture or other micro-level influences mean that ethnic minorities are more likely to be stopped by the police than white people in an occupational culture where targeting is encouraged (see Cashmore, 2001; Bowling et al, 2008). Such targeting mandates are guided by discretion and are likely to become entrenched in the structural policies of the police. It is in such a situation that institutional racism finds its expression. Oakley (1999, p.290) defines the term as ‘the way institutions or organizations may systematically treat, or tend to treat, people differently in respect of "race"’. When such patterns of ill-treatment are repeated continuously, they take on a ‘rule-like status’ and cannot be easily disrupted (see Haney-Lopez 2000, p. 1723).
Diversity has been recognised as a valuable initiative in the advancement of a workplace, however recent studies in England and Wales show that the judiciary remains largely imbalanced . For decades diversity has been a central matter within the legal sphere but according to a recent report by the Council of Europe published at the end of 2014, women only make up 25% of judges in England and Wales and to this day, Lady Hale remains the only representative for women in the Supreme Court . Furthermore, diversity statistics in 2015 concluded that the percentage of BME judges remains unchanged at 7%. Damning statistics such as these prove that the judiciary is currently in a detrimental situation, particularly because diversifying the workplace encourages innovation: ‘There is a large body of evidence going back many decades which shows that more culturally diverse businesses are more innovative. Recent research also shows that workforce diversity is also
In our advanced 21st century, it is hard to imagine our society as anything short of perfect. After all, we have come a long way from our seafaring ancestors. However, the reality is that despite how we may sometimes avoid seeing it, our society is anything but perfect. A very prevalent issue today is that despite laws being set in place to enforce the equal treatment of men and women, women all over the world today still face poor treatment and discrimination. Because of how deep and long this problem has run, revising discriminatory laws may not abolish discrimination and legislating laws that endorse gender equality may not necessarily create equality.
Social classes are a form of social stratification that refers to the existence of structured inequalities between individuals and groups in society. A social class is a group of people of comparable status, power and wealth which are usually classified as upper class, middle class, and lower class. For each class, there are some specific opportunities available that influence their social life. We can understand about the particularity of the chances through unequal distribution of these opportunities between individuals in social classes. In here belonging to a social class seems to be an obstacle for some individuals to obtain equal opportunity, unlike upper class people.