International Peacekeeping

Introduction THE CENTRAL ISSUES OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY HAVE CERTAINLY changed after the end of Cold war. The end of bipolar confrontation facilitated the resolution of half a dozen lingering conflicts in Central America, Asia and Southern Africa through the United Nations (UN) peace keeping. This new international security context, the UN and regional organizations of all stripes have been called upon to deploy multilateral peace operations. Peacekeeping is one of the major means by which UN fulfills its responsibilities for the maintenance of international peace and security. An increased UN peacekeeping role has been especially evident, and other international organizations have occasionally also been involved in peacekeeping.
The political

Since the 1988, peacekeeping has involved very rapidly in the post Cold War situation. Varied types of post-Cold War operation are as follows:

Preventive deployment
The idea is that, in a potential threaten situation, the UN, at the request of one of the parties to the potential conflict, would deploy troops, as a confidence-building measure that would raise the political price if the potential aggressor were to attack the other party. There is an only one example, Macedonia.

Traditional peacekeeping The function is to support peacemaking efforts by helping to create conditions in which political negotiation can proceed. It involves monitoring ceasefires, controlling buffer zones, and so on. There are three subtypes. Unarmed military observer groups are currently in Near East, Kashmir and Western Sahara. Armed infantry-based forces that were deployed in cases to control small incidents, as in Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon and Croatia. The third type is an operation set up as a consequence of peace-enforcement operation, as on the Iraq-Kuwait border. It has nevertheless been operated in accordance with the principles of

The anarchic context sets the elemental political conditions in which all meanings of international security have to be constructed. The structure of anarchy is highly durable, because their actions states take to preserve their independence and sovereignty automatically perpetuate and anarchic system. That structure generates system wide effects on relations among states. An anarchic structure imposes competitive, self-help conditions of existence on the states within the system. That international anarchy makes cooperation unlikely or impossible. Idealist argues for security as an outcome of the prevention of warfare and the removal of the quest for power, to the contrary realists argue that security is best maintained with the maximization of power. This power enabled nations to maintain deterrence through the readiness to wage war and when it served the national interest, the waging of war. From a broad realist perspective, power is synonymous with security when it provides the ability to control one’s environment. Moreover, central to the realist concept of security is the national interest, which is the traditional intrinsic goal of national security. The formula of the national interest has come to be practically synonymous with the formula of national security. In international politics this perspective offers a static and rather pessimistic picture of the