Social Movement Analysis

Social movement is a movement and expressions of people struggle against exploitation and oppression and for survival and identity in a complex dependent society (Fuentes and Frank
1987). In Indian context the tenants, agricultural labourers, plantation worker and tribal cultivator are grouped together under the deprived farmer’s group, they are the socially and economically marginalized, culturally subjugated and politically dis-empowered social groups who are wholly dependent on land for their livelihood. Farmer movement is a Social movement organized by these vast mass in order to seek embodied ideas of freedom from undue economic exploitation and deprivation. This marginalized community grouped together in response to deprivation of
usually

The peasant struggles in this period were led predominantly by left political parties like the communist party of India (CPI), praja sociologist party (PSP), and Socialist party (SP), through their Kisan organizations.
Kathleen Gough mentioned in her work ‘Indian peasant uprising’ that during the colonial period the farmer’s movement are often a rebellious one as the movement often took the form of social banditry and terrorist vengeance. The revolt happened mostly in densely populated regions where there is rack renting, land hunger, large number of landless laborer and un- employment.
The British rule further increases their misery by introducing cash crop, unnecessary tariff and middleman. All the revolution embodied ideas of freedom from undue economy exploitation and deprivation. Here we can take the example of the Santhal revolution of 1855 and the Outh revolution in 1778, they were mostly carried out by the peasants, tribesman, disinherited landlords and disbanded soldiers. They have a certain Robin Hood gallantry where they loot

It organized the struggle of the peasants of Champaran in Bihar against the indigo planters, most of whom were Europeans. It also launched the satyagraha movement of peasants of Kaira against the collection of land revenue, which they were unable to pay due to the failure of crops.
After India’s independence land reform doesn’t fulfill its aim due to the unquestioned domination of landed class, lack of political will of the state and lack of awareness and organization of the rural poor, and there was also rampant selling of land by the land lord which ended the age old client-patron relationship and introduction of cash crop further aggravated the condition of the peasant. In Telangana and West Bengal the peasant retaliate by forceful occupation of land, cutting of the standing paddy, Harvesting of paddy in their own courtyard against the will of the landowners, developing a brigade against the police and taking part in guerrilla warfare. In this stage the left(CPIM) party took a firm grip of the peasant support in