Theoretical foundation of social support The concept of social support has been subject of review in different perspectives over decade and no clear cut definition has emerged as different scholar view social support from different angle. A lot of documented facts has emerged on the concept “social support and its influence on physical and psychological health outcomes for over three decades. Social support has been viewed from different angles by different scholars since the work of Caplan (1974, 1976), Cassel (1976), and Cobb (1976). Social support has been defined and viewed in various dimensions depending on issues , the issues that had been reviewed in relation to social support concept includes childbirth experience and complications,
This was the appropriate choice of analysis to look at the supports the youth may have and how losing a caseworker may impact them, as well as the overall potential outcome of these youth after aging out. This discussion was well put together and readdressed the concerns of youth aging out of the child welfare systems. It also stated how social network analysis can help show researchers the interpersonal relationships in foster youth which may help “expand the scope of inquiry in this area” (Blakeslee, 2012 p. 333). This article clearly indicates that this is a starting point in researching about this topic. Personally, that is all this method should be used for.
For instance, for human rights (respectively corruption) it is not always obvious to clearly establish rights violation (respectively to demonstrate corruption). citeSujet{perret_indicateurs_2002} asks if it is possible to estimate the social impact without using moral judgement or political view and what kind of goods have to be taken into account for this. In the Prosuite project the qualitative social indicator are evaluated through expert knowledge that reduced subjectivity but it is still present. item Involved in a social approach, every improvement has necessarily an environmental character, and conversely. Some indicators such as human health, food to energy, safety have an influence on the two previous dimensions.
They develop the need to pursue these social encounters as often and as stronger as possible (Leslie H. Brown, 2007). This theory shows that when that need to belong is fulfilled, it results in enhanced functioning and a sense of belonging. There is a direct relationship of social interactions with an individual’s daily functioning. There are two extreme ends; causing a negative impact if their social needs are not met, and vice versa. Social anxiety disrupts the socializing methods of people due to the fear of being humiliated or rejected.
2.1.4 Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support In order to measure the perception of social support from various sources the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPP) that was developed by (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet and Farley (1988) shall be utilized. The scale measures the concept of social support in a multidimensional perspective, dividing the sources between family, friends, and significant others in order to give a deeper insight into the concept (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet & Farley, 1988). This scale was developed in order to try to correct issues that were observed in previous scales, where it addresses the subjective assessment, perceptions of adequacy from three supports, self-explanatory, psychometrically
Literature Review Social Support Albrecht and Adelman’s study (as cited in Kendall Hunt Publishing Co., 2011) provided a definition of social support as “verbal and non-verbal communication between recipients and providers that reduces uncertainty about the situation, the self, the other, or the relationship, and functions to enhance a perception of personal control in one’s life experience”. Social support is any type of communication that helps an individual feel more secure or certain about a situation and therefore being able to feel that they have control over a situation (2011, Kendall Hunt Publishing Co.). According to Hunt, social support emphasizes the availability of the network of people that provides support, therefore, the presence
RELATED LITERATURE: Whether actual or perceived, social support reflects overall feelings that one is cared for, accepted and that in difficult times one will have others to turn to who will provide assistance and help (Sarason, Sarason and Pierce 1990; Davis, Morris and Kraus 1998). Clara et al. suggest that it is the perception of global social support that appears to provide a buffering effect that protects individuals from ‘succumbing to adversity’ (2003, p. 268). Such perceptions ‘appear to reflect a pervasive worldview, rooted perhaps in childhood experiences and attachment history’ while domain-specific social support is ‘more clearly the result of experiences with particular relationships and tend to influence only judgments that
This learning process, so that they create a family, friends, and even lifelong companion strong social networks. Young in the process will try them together in different ways to interact with others of their way to experience success and failure. Ultimately, this kind of social support network so that young people have a few options to establish intimate feelings of people, and found that these relationships
In addition, a study carried out by Jamyang-Tshering (2004) on social skills of pre-school children, shows that girls presented more social skills than boys while boys showed more problem behaviours than girls. Social skills are special behaviours essential for starting and continuing positive relationships with others (Ladd, 1990; Guglielmo Tryon, 2001; Westwood, 2003).Social skills should be developed during pre-school years to prevent social and behavioural problems which may provoked in social environment (Merrill, 1995; Squires, 2003; Roche-Decker, 2004; Herrera &Little, 2005). Children who have difficulty in social relationships due to innate temperamental traits experience psychological problems both in social and academic contexts. Not being able to develop positive social relationships in early years can cause social and behavioural problems as well as developing negative attitudes towards school, being dismissed from school, committing crime during adolescence, unsuitably behaviour in adulthood and low performance in professional
(1993) states that support form the colleagues can reduce the effect of work stress, whereas social support on the whole is able to weaken emotional exhaustion and promote work satisfaction. Job burnout Work overload and job demands can result in job burnout (Kim and Lee,