Sub-Saharan Africa is believed to be one of the continents worst altered by HIV/Aids worldwide. There are complex reasons for this nevertheless; precise sociocultural factors have been recognized as accountable for the quick range of the disease. These include the following, Gender inequality and male dominance, Violence and sexual violence, Stigma and discrimination, Poverty lack of knowledge and misconceptions about HIV/Aids Cultural beliefs and practices Gender inequality and male dominance. Nevertheless some of these cultural factors can somehow sustain the spread of HIV. This essay seeks to explore some of the socio cultural factors that precipitate and sustain the Aids pandemic and some recommendations of containing the spread of HIV and Aids will be presented.
Poverty is one of the main issues in Sub Saharan countries and it influences men and women differently. It is a key factor leading to behaviours that exposure people to the chance of HIV infections. Poverty increases vulnerability to contracting HIV in different ways and these include increased migration to city areas, exploitation; and gender inequality. The chance of HIV infection is additionally
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There is about a one in three chance of women being raped .The genital injuries that result from forced sex increase the likelihood of HIV infection; when virgins and children are raped the risk of infection is higher .In cases of gang rape, exposure to multiple assailants’ further increases risk of transmission. Women with a history of being sexually abused are more likely to engage in unsafe sex, have multiple partners, and trade sex for money. Violent male partners are also more likely to have sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These factors combine to put women who suffer sexual violence at very high risk of contracting
Uganda has seen large amounts of foreign funding in recent years, and most of this funding is either directed towards promoting condoms through advertising campaigns or advocating abstinence through evangelicalism, with almost no reference being made to partner reduction. Epstein also expresses indignation at the fact that AIDS campaigns are morphing into business opportunities due to the inflow of money. While it might be true that international programmes having no local roots tend to look for one-dimensional silver bullets which might not actually work, a lot of the funding does benefit local community based AIDS initiatives. To judge foreign-aid funded efforts as ineffective simply on the basis of lack of significant decline seems harsh and unconvincing on Epstein’s part, especially when many factors could be at
Similar to many other villages in Kenya, there is a high incidence of HIV/AIDS in Shinyalu. McKay helps the reader understand the burden that a disease such as HIV/AIDS has on a community by writing about the financial and emotional struggles the local and global community experiences. “The term burden of disease generally describes the total, cumulative consequences of a defined disease or a range of harmful diseases with respect to disabilities in a community” (Hessel, 2008, p. 95). The consequences to the community are easily understood when the reader meets Amy, a close friend to Moses. Amy lives in a four room house with no running water or electricity and cares for nine children orphaned by AIDS.
M5 Culture and Health Paper Kamar Etheridge SHMG-6000-17-18- SPB1-CGHS Professor Dr. Jaana Gold Global Health Issue February 9, 2018 Culture and Health Paper Summary of The Film A Closer Walk is a movie about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. The purpose of the film is to illustrate the underlying causes of AIDS; and the significance of health, social equity, human rights; and the need for the global response with compassion, and commitment to counter what has become the worst disease in human history. As per statistics of the movie, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has infected approximately 60 million people, 800,000 children were born with HIV and 10,000 people die every day
When Mrs. Tafa finally accepted the truth of her son’s death and said, “‘As part of the physical, his doctor gave him an AIDS test. The test came back positive (…) he was afraid we wouldn’t love him anymore’”(186), she told Chanda that Emmanuel did not die because of a hunting accident. Mrs. Tafa had finally released the truth about Emmanuel’s death to Chanda and how he was afraid his family will shame him because of the disease and then he will not have a place to live, so he decided to kill himself in order to avoid all these problems. It is obvious that in Chanda’s community, folks who are infected with HIV/AIDS treat it as a secret thinking that they might be shunned from their society.
In the reading by Peter Redman, he raises the argument that the ‘AIDS carrier” becomes the central representation of the HIV epidemic and how the representations of HIV cannot be narrowed down to one cause. In addition, the ‘AIDS carrier’ is represented as monster and the carrier spreads HIV from the deviant subpopulations to the mainstream. Also, AIDS has been connected to social and moral issues and singles out groups like gay men, black people, and young single women. These groups are then viewed as diseased subpopulations and that causes others to feel disgust and panic. The heterosexual men are then afraid to have physical or emotional contact with men in general and that’s why boundaries of heterosexual masculinity were produced.
Epidemiologists have known that poverty is interrelated with higher morbidity and mortality rates. Recent research has suggested a positive
Black survivors of IPV may be more vulnerable to reproductive issues and STD’s for a number of reasons. One reason is because they may have limited access to proper healthcare and adequate treatment for reproductive care. Another reason is because of the fear of defending themselves from their sexual abuser, meaning the lack of safe sex, using condoms or contraceptives (West
She states that, “AIDS is the third leading killer of young adult Americans today,” and “two hundred thousand Americans are dead or dying,” which illustrates the heart-throbbing truth of this disastrous disease. Also, she specifies that “unlike other diseases, [AIDS] travels,” and “the rate of infection is increasing fastest among women and children,” which encourages people to take precautions and seek safety for their children immediately. These pieces of logic and statistics show the audience that AIDS is a major problem that needs to be dealt with, thereby raising awareness for the disease and supporting the authors main
Through this, Robin asks “what happens to them when this horizontal networking is then cast in a world of centralized political culture?” (pp. 79). Next, in chapters 5-7, Robins strongly addresses the issue of HIV/AIDs, the politics that surround the medical treatment and prevention, and rights talks that surround the surrounded the subject. Robins reviews the conditions that surrounded the activism, HIV/AIDs advancement as it was used to fight former President Mbeki’s ‘AIDs denialism’.
Bio-Psycho-Social Biological Factors A few biological factors that need to be considered are age, biological sex, and substance abuse. According to Shieh and Kravitz (2006), pregnant cocaine/heroin users were 6 years older, had more pregnancies, higher drug severity scores, and initiated prenatal care later compared to pregnant marijuana users. Therefore, a social worker working with the family should ask Kyla information in regards to her heroin use and her pregnancies. If possible, the social worker should also try getting information on Kyla’s mother and her substance use. Using heroin frequently, the physical structure and physiology of the brain changes (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2014).
Second Discipline Paper Although the notion may appear to be, child soldiers are not a new concept. In fact, the use of children as soldiers is not a product of the late twentieth century as it is sometimes portrayed, but a part of a much larger history. Hundreds of years before the twenty-first century, schoolboys as young as six were being trained by the state to become soldiers by the age of twelve (Ébodé 112). Even before the rise of Sparta, practices requiring child soldiers were not uncommon (113).
There are many social epidemiology factors that aggravate the risk of HIV like poverty, stigma and discrimination, lack of access to healthcare, and prisons and also for that type of family have drug abuse and risky sexual behavior also. Because of due to the reason of poverty young people cannot study in the small age and also they are easily habituated to drug abuse. Poverty also one of the factor of spread HIV because sexual relationship like sex relationship between young women and older men (Zamudio, 2006). Because of poverty the women easily sex with the men for earn a more money, without using a condom, so that way also more HIV spread.
The physical impacts of conjugal assault may incorporate wounds to private organs, cuts, soreness, wounding, torn muscles, exhaustion and retching. Ladies who have been battered and assaulted by their spouses may endure other physical outcomes including broken bones, bruised eyes, bleeding noses, and blade wounds that happen amid the sexual savagery. Particular gynecological outcomes of conjugal assault incorporate unnatural birth cycles, stillbirths, bladder contaminations, barrenness and the potential compression of sexually transmitted infections including
As a women one in four women will be a victim of sexual assult within her lifetime (Dickson). Society is quick to blame the women that the
The topic of this assignment is to discuss and analyse what factors affect human behavior and in doing so how human behavior is shaped. But before discussing that, it is important to understand what human behavior is. To define it in a few sentences or words would not be sufficient as human behavior consists of many factors and therefore contributes majorly to who we are as a person. But to put it simply, it is defined as all actions and emotions that an individual portrays in response to the different kinds of stimuli they receive no matter whether these responses are conscious or subconscious and voluntary or involuntary (Merriam-webster.com, 2015).